Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(44):66490-66506. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20425-5. Epub 2022 May 3.
Kumarkhali upazila in Kushtia district of western Bangladesh has become especially vulnerable to dye-effluent pollution over the last two decades. Twenty dyeing effluent samples were obtained at random from various dyeing units and used to determine the heavy metal concentration. The effluent pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids ranged from 3.69 to 13.68, 627 to 7160 mS cm and 4140 to 19800 mg L, respectively. In dyeing effluents, the average concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Fe and Cr ions were 5.50, 82.75, 6.80, 14.27, 66.03 and 65.28 μg mL, respectively, while the amount of Cd was barely detectable. Total annual discharges of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Fe and Cr were found to be 21.52, 1.43, 1.77, 3.71, 17.12 and 16.98 kg year, respectively, which were high enough to pollute the local environment. According to the survey report, only a minority were aware of public safety measures and proper disposal procedures, though many respondents were conscious of the dangers associated with dyes and chemical substances. Most interviewees (58.33%) used synthetic dyes and other dangerous chemicals throughout the dyeing process, despite the fact that 43.33% did not use hand gloves. A remarkable 80% of respondents were improperly disposing of unused dyes and chemicals. Overall, there was a lack of awareness, right attitude and appropriate behavioural patterns about using dyeing chemicals. To prevent the negative effects of dyeing effluents on the community in the research area, environmental conservation rules should be appropriately implemented.
库马尔哈利县位于孟加拉国西部的库什蒂亚县，在过去的二十年中，该县特别容易受到染料废水的污染。从各个染色单位随机抽取了 20 个染色废水样本，用于测定重金属浓度。废水的 pH 值、电导率和总溶解固体分别在 3.69 到 13.68 之间、627 到 7160 mS/cm 和 4140 到 19800 mg/L 之间。在染色废水中，Zn、Cu、Pb、Mn、Fe 和 Cr 离子的平均浓度分别为 5.50、82.75、6.80、14.27、66.03 和 65.28 μg/mL，而 Cd 的含量几乎无法检测到。每年 Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Fe 和 Cr 的总排放量分别为 21.52、1.43、1.77、3.71、17.12 和 16.98 kg/年，足以污染当地环境。根据调查报告，尽管许多受访者意识到染料和化学物质的危害，但只有少数人了解公共安全措施和正确的处理程序。大多数受访者（58.33%）在整个染色过程中使用合成染料和其他危险化学品，尽管有 43.33%的人没有戴手套。令人惊讶的是，80%的受访者没有正确处理未使用的染料和化学品。总体而言，人们对使用染色化学品缺乏意识、正确的态度和适当的行为模式。为了防止研究区域内染色废水对社区的负面影响，应该适当实施环境保护法规。
