School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Von Hügel Institute, St Edmund's College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
New Bioeth. 2022 Sep;28(3):238-251. doi: 10.1080/20502877.2022.2067625. Epub 2022 May 3.
This paper examines the problem of dying alone in the context of no-visitors hospital policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. It critically analyses a rights-based solution, offering a democratized visitors policy alternative, premised on the value of legal justice. While an inclusive, participatory, and thoroughly justified visitors' policy, which takes into account the good of all stakeholders in the process, is indeed the right alternative to the paternalistic, top-down no-visitors policy, I argue that the democratized visitors' policy alternative ought to be grounded on reasons of both justice and love. Legal justice and claimable individual rights, though important, are limited and cannot fully capture the vicissitudes of mutual vulnerabilities and the moral stringency of duties of mutual care. In the context of suffering and death, instances of extreme vulnerability and interdependence, individual rights of autonomy and self-determination prove insufficient to meet our most basic needs for love, human presence, and accompaniment.
本文探讨了在 COVID-19 大流行期间无访客医院政策背景下孤独死亡的问题。它批判性地分析了一种基于权利的解决方案,提供了一种民主化的访客政策替代方案,其前提是法律正义的价值。虽然包容性、参与性和有充分理由的访客政策确实是对家长式、自上而下的无访客政策的正确替代方案,但我认为,民主化的访客政策替代方案应该基于正义和爱的理由。法律正义和可主张的个人权利虽然重要,但却是有限的,无法充分捕捉相互脆弱性的变化和相互照顾义务的道德严格性。在痛苦和死亡的背景下,极度脆弱和相互依存的情况证明,个人的自主权和自决权不足以满足我们对爱、人类存在和陪伴的最基本需求。