Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022 Jul;13(4):101957. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101957. Epub 2022 Apr 23.
Cercopithifilaria bainae, Cercopithifilaria grassi, and Cercopithifilaria sp. II sensu Otranto et al., 2013 tick borne filarioids are typically found in dogs. Among them, Cercopithifilaria bainae has a worldwide distribution according to the occurrence of its tick vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.). Nevertheless, in Asian countries, despite the wide presence of this tick species, data on Cercopithifilaria spp. are scant. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of these dermal filarioids in ixodid ticks collected on dogs and cats from Asian countries, providing a better epidemiological picture on their distribution in this continent. Ticks (n = 687) of the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. (n = 667), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (n = 8), Haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 7), Haemaphysalis campanulata (n = 1), Haemaphysalis wellingtoni (n = 2), Haemaphysalis hystricis (n = 1), and Ixodes sp. (n = 1) were collected on dogs and cats under the frame of previous studies in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. Tick samples were molecularly screened for Cercopithifilaria spp. by conventional PCR and real-time PCR using two pair of primers targeting partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. Overall, Cercophitifilaria spp. DNA was detected in 9.5% (n = 65/687) of the tick specimens tested, with C. bainae being the most prevalent species (8.9%), followed by C. grassii (0.6%). Most Cercophitifilaria spp. positive ticks were collected on dogs (92.3%; 60/65); whereas ticks collected on cats represented 7.7% of the positive specimens. In addition, Cercopithifilaria spp. were mostly detected in R. sanguineus s.l. ticks (96.9%; 63/65), followed by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (3.1%; 2/65). Data herein presented demonstrate the occurrence of dermal tick borne filarioids of the genus Cercopithifilaria in several Asian countries, with C. bainae being the most prevalent species. We also report for the first time the molecular detection of C. bainae in R. sanguineus s.l. ticks collected on cats, as well as in R. haemaphysaloides ticks, suggesting that the biological cycle of this filarioid species may involve other intermediate and definitive hosts than R. sanguineus s.l. and dogs. However, confirmatory studies on the role of other tick species and domestic cats on the biology of C. bainae are advocated.
贝恩氏蟠尾丝虫、粗体蟠尾丝虫和奥特朗托等人 2013 年定义的蟠尾丝虫属 II 类，通常存在于犬类身上。其中，根据其传播媒介血红扇头蜱的分布情况，贝恩氏蟠尾丝虫在世界范围内分布广泛。然而，在亚洲国家，尽管这种蜱类广泛存在，但有关蟠尾丝虫属的信息却很少。因此，本研究旨在评估这些皮肤寄生性丝虫在来自亚洲国家的犬猫寄生蜱中的存在情况，为它们在该大陆的分布提供更好的流行病学描述。在之前在中国、印度、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡、中国台湾、泰国、菲律宾和越南进行的研究框架内，共采集了 687 只血红扇头蜱（667 只）、镰形扇头蜱（8 只）、长角血蜱（7 只）、中华革蜱（1 只）、边沿革蜱（1 只）、威氏血蜱（2 只）、硬蜱（1 只）和未定种的蜱。通过针对细胞色素 c 氧化酶 1 基因部分序列的两对引物的常规 PCR 和实时 PCR，对蜱样本进行了蟠尾丝虫属的分子筛选。总的来说，在检测的 687 个蜱样本中，有 9.5%（65/687）检测到蟠尾丝虫属 DNA，其中贝恩氏蟠尾丝虫最为普遍（8.9%），其次是粗体蟠尾丝虫（0.6%）。大多数蟠尾丝虫属阳性蜱均采集自犬类（92.3%；60/65）；而猫类采集的蜱占阳性标本的 7.7%。此外，蟠尾丝虫属主要存在于血红扇头蜱（96.9%；63/65）中，其次是镰形扇头蜱（3.1%；2/65）。本文所提供的数据表明，在几个亚洲国家存在皮肤寄生性蟠尾丝虫属的蜱类，其中贝恩氏蟠尾丝虫最为普遍。我们还首次报告了在猫类身上采集的血红扇头蜱和镰形扇头蜱中检测到贝恩氏蟠尾丝虫的分子证据，这表明该丝虫物种的生物循环可能涉及到除血红扇头蜱和犬类以外的其他中间宿主和终末宿主。然而，我们提倡对其他蜱种和家猫在贝恩氏蟠尾丝虫生物学中的作用进行确证性研究。
