Between-hospital variations in 3-year survival among patients with newly diagnosed gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer.

Due to increases in cancer survivability, quality assessments of cancer care must include long-term outcomes. This multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated between-hospital variations in the 3-year survival rates of patients with gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer irrespective of treatment modality. We linked cancer registry data and administrative data from patients aged 18-99 years who were diagnosed with gastric, colorectal, or lung cancer between 2013 and 2015 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The 3-year survival rates were adjusted for potential prognostic factors using multilevel logistic regression models. Between-hospital variations were visually evaluated using funnel plots. We analyzed 10,296 gastric cancer patients from 30 hospitals, 9276 colorectal cancer patients from 30 hospitals, and 7978 lung cancer patients from 28 hospitals. The 3-year survival rate was 70.2%, 75.2%, and 45.0% for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively. In the funnel plots, the adjusted survival rates of gastric and colorectal cancer for all hospitals lay between the lower and upper control limits of two standard deviations of the average survival rates. However, the adjusted survival rates of lung cancer for four hospitals lay below the lower limit while that for two hospitals lay above the upper limit. Older age, men, advanced cancer stage, comorbidities, functional disability, emergency admission, current/ex-smokers, and underweight were independently associated with poorer survival. In conclusion, there were between-hospital variations in 3-year survival for lung cancer even after adjusting for case mix. Quality improvement initiatives may be needed to raise the consistency of care.