Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong St., Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
J Hum Hypertens. 2024 Jan;38(1):19-28. doi: 10.1038/s41371-022-00696-8. Epub 2022 May 3.
It is well documented that connective tissue disease (CTD) is a type of autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, which can occur across various organ systems throughout the whole body. Although the clinical manifestations of CTD are different, studies have shown that different CTD diseases have similar pathogenesis, implying that different CTD diseases may have similar clinical outcomes. Recent population-based studies have demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with CTD compared with the control group, which is partially attributed to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension (HT), and that controlling the patients' blood pressure (BP) still constitutes one of the most effective means to prevent CVD. Although many studies have shown that the prevalence of HT in patients with CTD is higher than that in the general population, there is a lack of adequate data on the possible pathogenesis of HT. Also, the factors that promote the rise of BP, especially the relationship between connective tissue disease- hypertension (CTD-HT) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (aging, sex, race, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, etc.), have not been fully confirmed. In this review, we explore the mechanisms that might lead to elevated BP in patients with CTD and the factors that contribute to elevated BP and the management of CTD-HT, and we focus on whether traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the disease, and the presence of related therapeutic drugs are associated with an increased risk of HT in patients with CTD.
有大量文献记载，结缔组织病（CTD）是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征为慢性炎症，可以发生在全身各个器官系统。虽然 CTD 的临床表现不同，但研究表明，不同的 CTD 疾病具有相似的发病机制，这意味着不同的 CTD 疾病可能具有相似的临床结果。最近的基于人群的研究表明，与对照组相比，CTD 患者发生心血管疾病（CVD）的风险增加，这部分归因于高血压（HT）等传统心血管危险因素，控制患者的血压（BP）仍然是预防 CVD 的最有效手段之一。尽管许多研究表明 CTD 患者的 HT 患病率高于一般人群，但关于 HT 可能的发病机制的数据仍不足。此外，导致 BP 升高的因素，尤其是结缔组织病-高血压（CTD-HT）与传统心血管危险因素（年龄、性别、种族、血脂异常、糖尿病、吸烟、肥胖等）之间的关系，尚未得到充分证实。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了可能导致 CTD 患者 BP 升高的机制，以及导致 BP 升高的因素和 CTD-HT 的管理，并重点关注传统心血管危险因素、疾病和相关治疗药物的存在是否与 CTD 患者发生 HT 的风险增加相关。
