GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 1):155461. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155461. Epub 2022 May 1.
In this study, the leaching of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from three common consumer plastics was investigated: low and high density polyethylene (LDPE, HDPE) and recycled polyethylene (RP). The effects of salinity, temperature, and ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) on leaching were investigated. The study of leaching of phthalates in aqueous environments in batch experiments is challenging due to their readsorption by the high hydrophobicity of PAEs, and there are no standard methods to study release processes. Here with the experiments, leaching (A) and spiking (B) using six PAEs to study the readsorption in the leaching process. PAEs were identified and quantified using GC-MS. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (DEHP) showed considerable leaching during the 5-day incubation: 14 ± 1 to 128 ± 14 and 25 ± 2 to 79 ± 5 ng/cm, respectively, under UVR, corresponding approximately to (1.9-13%) and (12.4-22.4%) of the solvent extracted mass. The highest K values were measured for RP polymers (0.3-9.4), followed by LDPE (0.5-5.4) and HDPE (0.2-2.2) polymers. Thus, readsorption of PAEs at the surface removed 30-80% of the leached PAEs in the dissolved phase. For example in LDPE, the calculated total release of DBP was up to 54 ± 4 ng/cm, while the dissolved amount was 8.5 ± 1 ng/cm during the 5-day incubation under freshwater conditions. Increasing salinity negatively affected the leaching rate, which decreased for DBP from 54 ± 4 ng/cm in freshwater to 44 ± 3 and 38 ± 3 ng/cm at salinity of 20 and 40 g/L, respectively, from LDPE during the 5-day incubation. Temperature and UVR had a positive effect on the leaching rate, with the release of DBP from LDPE increasing from 44 ± 3 ng/cm at room temperature (25 °C) to 60 ± 6 and 128 ± 14 ng/cm at high temperature (40 °C) and UVR, respectively. Overall, this study highlights the positive relationship between temperatures, UVR on the extent of leaching and surface adsorption on the leaching measurements.
在这项研究中，研究了三种常见消费塑料（低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和回收聚乙烯（RP））中六种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAE）的浸出情况。研究了盐度、温度和紫外线辐射（UVR）对浸出的影响。由于 PAE 的高疏水性，在批实验中研究水相环境中邻苯二甲酸酯的浸出具有挑战性，并且没有标准方法来研究释放过程。在此实验中，使用六种 PAE 进行浸出（A）和加标（B）实验，以研究浸出过程中的再吸附。使用 GC-MS 鉴定和定量 PAEs。在 UVR 下，5 天孵育期间，二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸苄丁酯（DEHP）表现出相当大的浸出：分别为 14±1 至 128±14 和 25±2 至 79±5 ng/cm，分别相当于溶剂提取质量的（1.9-13%）和（12.4-22.4%）。RP 聚合物的 K 值最高（0.3-9.4），其次是 LDPE（0.5-5.4）和 HDPE（0.2-2.2）聚合物。因此，PAE 在表面的再吸附去除了溶解相中浸出的 PAE 的 30-80%。例如，在 LDPE 中，在淡水条件下孵育 5 天期间，计算出的 DBP 的总释放量高达 54±4 ng/cm，而溶解量为 8.5±1 ng/cm。盐度升高对浸出率有负面影响，DBP 的浸出率从淡水条件下的 LDPE 的 54±4 ng/cm 分别降低至 20 和 40 g/L 盐度下的 44±3 和 38±3 ng/cm。温度和 UVR 对浸出率有积极影响，DBP 从 LDPE 中的释放量从室温（25°C）的 44±3 ng/cm 增加到高温（40°C）和 UVR 下的 60±6 和 128±14 ng/cm。总的来说，本研究强调了温度、UVR 对浸出程度以及表面吸附对浸出测量的积极关系。
