Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Jul;257:109359. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109359. Epub 2022 May 1.
Honey bees are exposed to various pesticides through pollinating and in-hive Varroa mite control. The most basic method for evaluating pesticide toxicity is the indoor bioassay using worker bees, in which newly emerged adults are matured in incubators for conditioning before use. However, little information is available on the optimum maturation temperature from a toxicological point of view, even though it can affect honey bee responses to pesticides. In this paper, to evaluate the optimal maturation temperature for pesticide toxicity testing, several indices related to the development, gene transcription, and toxicological properties of honey bee adults following maturation at 25, 30, and 35 °C were compared with those of field bees. The body weight and developmental state of hypopharyngeal glands were highest in the bees matured at 30 °C, and the overall transcription profiles of detoxification-related genes in the field bees were closest to those of bees matured at 30 °C, whereas immaturity and features of thermal stress were observed in the 25 °C and 35 °C bee groups, respectively. In the bioassay results, the effects of maturation temperature on the toxic response of honey bees varied significantly depending on the type of pesticide. By considering all the biological and toxicological aspects examined, we confirmed that 30 °C is a recommended maturation temperature for adult honey bee toxicity test.
蜜蜂在授粉过程中会接触到各种杀虫剂，并通过蜂巢内的瓦螨控制来接触杀虫剂。评估农药毒性的最基本方法是使用工蜂进行室内生物测定，在使用前，新出现的成虫在培养箱中成熟以进行调理。然而，尽管它会影响蜜蜂对杀虫剂的反应，但从毒理学角度来看，最佳成熟温度的信息很少。在本文中，为了评估农药毒性测试的最佳成熟温度，比较了在 25、30 和 35°C 下成熟的蜜蜂与野外蜜蜂的几个与成虫发育、基因转录和毒理学特性相关的指标。在 30°C 下成熟的蜜蜂的下咽腺的体重和发育状态最高，并且解毒相关基因的整体转录谱最接近在 30°C 下成熟的蜜蜂，而在 25°C 和 35°C 的蜜蜂组中分别观察到不成熟和热应激的特征。在生物测定结果中，成熟温度对蜜蜂的毒性反应的影响因农药类型而异。通过考虑所有检查的生物学和毒理学方面，我们确认 30°C 是成年蜜蜂毒性测试的推荐成熟温度。
