Birkelid Andreas Hagerup, Eikevåg Sindre W, Elverum Christer W, Steinert Martin
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Sports Facilities and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
HardwareX. 2022 Jan 10;11:e00265. doi: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00265. eCollection 2022 Apr.
To print high-performance polymers, a stable running printer that can reach high temperatures is needed. There is currently a lack of low-cost solutions that allow manipulation of process parameters and expansion of sensors to monitor the printer as well as the process. This paper presents an open-source hardware upgrade for low-cost 3D printers to enable research on new high-temperature polymers as well as manufacturing from all currently available polymers. The hardware cost less than $1700, including the printer. Open-source firmware by Klipper and Fluidd is used for control. The printer is able to reach 500 °C nozzle, 200 °C heated bed, and 135 °C heated chamber with all electronics inside operating within the recommended temperature range. The presented design produced a CF-PEEK 3DBenchy and a spiral vase with excellent surface quality and no signs of delamination. Test specimens according to ISO527 using PA-CF performed similarly to the datasheet provided by the manufacturer for samples produced in the XY-orientation and outperformed the datasheet by 15 % in the ZX direction. Compared to specimens made on an Original Prusa i3 MK3S, the modified printer produced specimens with 22% higher strength in the YX-direction and 25% in ZX. By continuously monitoring and carefully calibrating both hardware and firmware, the presented design can perform as a research tool in material science and produce large-scale components of high-performance polymers.
为了打印高性能聚合物，需要一台能够达到高温且运行稳定的打印机。目前缺乏低成本的解决方案，无法对工艺参数进行调控，也无法扩展传感器来监测打印机及打印过程。本文介绍了一种针对低成本3D打印机的开源硬件升级方案，以推动对新型高温聚合物的研究以及使用所有现有聚合物进行制造。该硬件成本不到1700美元，包括打印机。使用Klipper和Fluidd的开源固件进行控制。该打印机的喷嘴温度能够达到500°C，加热床温度可达200°C，加热腔温度可达135°C，且内部所有电子元件都能在推荐温度范围内运行。所展示的设计制作出了表面质量极佳且无分层迹象的CF-PEEK 3DBenchy和螺旋花瓶。使用PA-CF按照ISO527标准制作的测试样本，在XY方向上的性能与制造商提供的样本数据手册相近，在ZX方向上则比数据手册性能高出15%。与在Original Prusa i3 MK3S上制作的样本相比，经过改进的打印机制作出 的样本在YX方向上强度高出22%，在ZX方向上高出25%。通过持续监测并仔细校准硬件和固件，所展示的设计可作为材料科学领域的研究工具，用于生产高性能聚合物的大型部件。
