Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(29):9895-9913. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2070722. Epub 2022 May 5.
Sirtuins (SIRT) are unique posttranslational modification enzymes that utilize NAD + as co-substrate to remove acyl groups from lysine residues. SIRT act on variety of substrates and impact major metabolic process. All seven members of SIRT family are unique and targets wide range of cellular proteins in nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for post-translational modification by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP-ribosylation (SIRT4 and 6). Each member of SIRT family is distinct. SIRT2 was first to be discovered that incited research on mammalian SIRT. Enzymatic activities of SIRT 4 are yet to be elucidated while only SIRT7 is localized in nucleoli that govern the transcription of RNA polymerase I. SIRT 5 and 6 exhibit weakest deacetylase activity. Out of all SIRT analogs, SIRT1 is identified as nutrient sensor. Increased expression of only SIRT3 is linked with longevity in humans. Since SIRT is regulated by the bioenergetic state of the cell, nutrition impacts it but very few studies about diet-mediated effect on SIRT are reported. The present review elaborates distribution, specific biological role and prominent effect of all SIRT on vital human tissue along with highlighting need to trace molecular mechanisms and identifying foods that may augment it beneficially.
去乙酰化酶（Sirtuins，SIRT）是一类独特的翻译后修饰酶，利用 NAD+作为辅助因子从赖氨酸残基上去除酰基。SIRT 作用于多种底物，影响主要代谢过程。SIRT 家族的所有 7 个成员都是独特的，它们针对细胞核、细胞质和线粒体中的广泛的细胞蛋白进行翻译后修饰，通过乙酰化（SIRT1、2、3 和 5）或 ADP-核糖基化（SIRT4 和 6）。SIRT 家族的每个成员都有其独特之处。SIRT2 是第一个被发现的哺乳动物 SIRT，激发了对哺乳动物 SIRT 的研究。SIRT4 的酶活性尚未阐明，而只有 SIRT7 定位于核仁，控制 RNA 聚合酶 I 的转录。SIRT5 和 SIRT6 表现出最弱的去乙酰化酶活性。在所有 SIRT 类似物中，SIRT1 被鉴定为营养传感器。只有 SIRT3 的表达增加与人类的长寿有关。由于 SIRT 受细胞生物能量状态的调节，营养会影响它，但关于饮食对 SIRT 影响的研究很少。本综述阐述了所有 SIRT 在重要人体组织中的分布、特定的生物学作用和显著影响，同时强调了需要追踪分子机制和确定可能有益地增强 SIRT 的食物的必要性。
