Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraβe 31, D-93053 , Regensburg, Germany.
Pflugers Arch. 2022 Aug;474(8):799-812. doi: 10.1007/s00424-022-02694-8. Epub 2022 May 5.
The protease renin, the key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is mainly produced and secreted by juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney, which are located in the walls of the afferent arterioles at their entrance into the glomeruli. When the body's demand for renin rises, the renin production capacity of the kidneys commonly increases by induction of renin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and in extraglomerular mesangial cells. These cells undergo a reversible metaplastic cellular transformation in order to produce renin. Juxtaglomerular cells of the renin lineage have also been described to migrate into the glomerulus and differentiate into podocytes, epithelial cells or mesangial cells to restore damaged cells in states of glomerular disease. More recently, it could be shown that renin cells can also undergo an endocrine and metaplastic switch to erythropoietin-producing cells. This review aims to describe the high degree of plasticity of renin-producing cells of the kidneys and to analyze the underlying mechanisms.
肾素酶，肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的关键酶，主要由肾脏的球旁细胞产生和分泌，这些细胞位于入球小动脉的壁内，就在它们进入肾小球的地方。当身体对肾素的需求增加时，肾脏通常通过诱导血管平滑肌细胞和肾小球系膜细胞中的肾素表达来增加肾素的产生能力。这些细胞经历可逆的细胞转化，以产生肾素。肾素谱系的球旁细胞也已被描述为迁移到肾小球并分化为足细胞、上皮细胞或系膜细胞，以在肾小球疾病状态下修复受损的细胞。最近，有人证明肾素细胞也可以发生内分泌和细胞转化为产生促红细胞生成素的细胞。这篇综述旨在描述肾脏产生肾素的细胞的高度可塑性，并分析其潜在机制。
