School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
J Econ Entomol. 2022 Jun 8;115(3):814-825. doi: 10.1093/jee/toac057.
The spider mite, Tetranychus pueraricola (Ehara & Gotoh; Acari: Tetranychidae), is a serious pest in agriculture and horticulture. Application of chemical pesticides is the main mode of this pest control. Due to pesticide residues and resistance-induced resurgence of pests, there is a need to discover alternatives for spider mite management. GC16 comprises a mixture of calcium chloride (CaCl2, 45%) and lecithin (55%), which was recently found to have acaricidal properties. We evaluated the sublethal effects of GC16 on T. pueraricola using life table and enzyme [catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and Ca2+-ATPase (Ca2+-ATP)] activity assays. The results showed that fecundity of T. pueraricola increased at LC30 but decreased at LC50 of GC16. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of T. pueraricola decreased under the LC30 and LC50 of GC16. GC16 concentration and exposure time significantly influenced the activities of CAT, POD, CarE, GST, and Ca2+-ATP in adult mites. Twelve hours later after the treatment, GST and Ca2+-ATP activities were significantly inhibited by LC30 but enhanced by LC50. Moreover, the demographic parameter r and enzyme activities were negatively correlated. In sum, sublethal amounts of GC16 had an adverse effect on mites, and there was a trade-off between developmental performance and physiological enzyme activity of mites under GC16 stress, and GC16 showed an acaricidal potential for T. pueraricola. This work provides guidance for the application of GC16 to control T. pueraricola.
叶螨，榆全爪螨（Ehara & Gotoh；蜱螨目：叶螨科），是农业和园艺中的一种严重害虫。应用化学农药是控制这种害虫的主要方式。由于农药残留和害虫抗药性导致的再次爆发，因此需要发现替代叶螨管理的方法。GC16 由氯化钙（CaCl2，45%）和卵磷脂（55%）组成，最近发现它具有杀螨特性。我们使用生命表和酶[过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、羧酸酯酶（CarE）、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）和 Ca2+-ATP 酶（Ca2+-ATP）]活性测定来评估 GC16 对榆全爪螨的亚致死效应。结果表明，榆全爪螨的繁殖力在 LC30 时增加，但在 LC50 时减少。LC30 和 LC50 的 GC16 处理下，榆全爪螨的内禀增长率（r）降低。GC16 浓度和暴露时间显著影响成螨的 CAT、POD、CarE、GST 和 Ca2+-ATP 活性。处理 12 小时后，LC30 显著抑制 GST 和 Ca2+-ATP 活性，而 LC50 则增强 GST 和 Ca2+-ATP 活性。此外，人口参数 r 和酶活性呈负相关。总之，亚致死剂量的 GC16 对螨类有不利影响，在 GC16 胁迫下，螨类的发育表现和生理酶活性之间存在权衡，GC16 对榆全爪螨具有杀螨潜力。这项工作为 GC16 控制榆全爪螨的应用提供了指导。
