Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Oct;49(10):9715-9724. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07453-7. Epub 2022 May 5.
Plant with a great diversity shows several responses towards the biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these abiotic stresses, salinity is the main damaging factor as it reduces the yield of wheat plant with moderate salt tolerance. For its survival, plant undergoes through some genetic, biochemical and physiological changes to tackle the stress. This review mainly describes the conditions where various ions present in the soil, especially sodium and chlorine, enter into the plant and the genes or proteins involved with survival mechanism against the damage in plants. Salt stress causes alteration in enzymatic activity and Photosynthesis, oxidative stress, damage of cellular structure and components and ionic imbalance. Ion toxicity stress occur due to accumulation of excessive sodium ion and chloride ion. Transcriptional factors TaPIMP, TaSRG and TaMYBsdu 1 play key role in gene expression mechanism to overcome the stress. High affinity potassium transporter gene family is responsible for salt tolerance in wheat plant. HKT1;4 and HKT1;5 genes are responsible for Na exclusion in Triticum monococcum. Forty QTLs were found with the marker assisted selection in bread wheat for salinity tolerance and some morphological traits, 5 QTLs were related to sodium ion exclusion. In bread wheat, salt stress tolerance mechanism is mainly an exclusion of Na ions but also include K ion concentration. The salinity tolerant germplasm MW#293 provides an opportunity for the development of future salinity tolerant bread wheat.
具有高度多样性的植物对生物和非生物胁迫表现出多种反应。在这些非生物胁迫中，盐度是主要的破坏性因素，因为它会降低具有中等耐盐性的小麦的产量。为了生存，植物会经历一些遗传、生化和生理变化来应对压力。本篇综述主要描述了土壤中存在的各种离子（特别是钠离子和氯离子）进入植物的情况，以及参与植物生存机制以应对损伤的基因或蛋白质。盐胁迫会导致酶活性和光合作用、氧化应激、细胞结构和成分损伤以及离子失衡的改变。离子毒性应激是由于过量的钠离子和氯离子积累引起的。转录因子 TaPIMP、TaSRG 和 TaMYBsdu1 在基因表达机制中发挥关键作用，以克服胁迫。高亲和力钾转运蛋白基因家族负责小麦的耐盐性。HKT1;4 和 HKT1;5 基因负责在 Triticum monococcum 中排除钠离子。在面包小麦中，已经发现了 40 个与耐盐性和一些形态特征相关的 QTL，其中 5 个与钠离子排除有关。在面包小麦中，耐盐胁迫机制主要是排除 Na 离子，但也包括 K 离子浓度。耐盐种质 MW#293 为未来耐盐面包小麦的发展提供了机会。
