State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, and Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; These authors contributed equally to this work.
The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; These authors contributed equally to this work.
Trends Biotechnol. 2018 Feb;36(2):160-172. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Nov 5.
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) ranks as one of our most important staple crops. However, its hexaploid nature has complicated our understanding of the genetic bases underlying many of its traits. Historically, functional genetic studies in wheat have focused on identifying natural variations and have contributed to assembling and enriching its genetic stock. Recently, mold-breaking advances in whole genome sequencing, exome-capture based mutant libraries, and genome editing have revolutionized strategies for genetic research in wheat. We review new trends in wheat functional genetic studies along with germplasm conservation and innovation, including the relevance of genetic stocks, and the application of sequencing-based mutagenesis and genome editing. We also highlight the potential of multiplex genome editing toolkits in addressing species-specific challenges in wheat.
面包小麦（Triticum aestivum）是我们最重要的主要农作物之一。然而，其六倍体的性质使得我们对许多性状的遗传基础的理解变得复杂。从历史上看，小麦的功能基因研究主要集中在鉴定自然变异上，并有助于组装和丰富其遗传资源。最近，全基因组测序、外显子捕获突变体文库和基因组编辑方面的突破性进展彻底改变了小麦遗传研究的策略。我们综述了小麦功能遗传学研究的新趋势以及种质资源的保存和创新，包括遗传资源的相关性，以及基于测序的诱变和基因组编辑的应用。我们还强调了多重基因组编辑工具包在解决小麦特有问题方面的潜力。
