Xia Mengdan, Chen Zhixin, Li Yao, Li Chuanhua, Ahmad Nasir M, Cheema Waqas A, Zhu Shenmin
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 PR China
Engineering Materials Institute, School of Mechanical, Materials & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Wollongong Wollongong 2522 Australia.
RSC Adv. 2019 Jul 4;9(36):20941-20953. doi: 10.1039/c9ra01924c. eCollection 2019 Jul 1.
Adsorption has been the focus of research on the treatment of heavy metal mercury pollution since it is among the most toxic heavy metals in existence. The US EPA has set a mandatory discharge limit of 10 μg Hg L for wastewater and for drinking water a maximum accepted concentration of 1 μg Hg L. Physical adsorption and chemical adsorption are the two major mechanisms of adsorption methods used for mercury removal in aqueous sources. The recent decades' research progress is reviewed to elaborate varieties of adsorption materials ranging from materials with large surface area for physical adsorption to metal oxides for chemical adsorption. Many examples are presented to illustrate the adsorption principles and clarify the relationship between the structure and performance of the adsorbents. The combination of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption gives rise to numbers of potential mercury removal composites. This review demonstrates the adsorption mechanism and the performance of varieties of adsorbents, which would provide a comprehensive understanding on the design and fabrication of new materials for the removal of heavy metal ions in water.
由于汞是现存毒性最强的重金属之一，吸附法一直是重金属汞污染治理研究的重点。美国环境保护局规定废水的汞排放强制限值为10μg/L，饮用水中汞的最大允许浓度为1μg/L。物理吸附和化学吸附是用于去除水源中汞的吸附法的两种主要机制。本文综述了近几十年来的研究进展，阐述了从用于物理吸附的大表面积材料到用于化学吸附的金属氧化物等各种吸附材料。列举了许多实例来说明吸附原理，并阐明吸附剂的结构与性能之间的关系。物理吸附和化学吸附的结合产生了许多潜在的汞去除复合材料。本综述展示了各种吸附剂的吸附机理和性能，这将有助于全面了解用于去除水中重金属离子的新材料的设计与制备。
