Phytotoxic Azaphilones From the Mangrove-Derived Fungus HY5.

Mangrove is a unique marine ecosystem growing in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coast, with the characteristics of hypoxia tolerance, high salinity, and high humidity. In order to discover novel leading compounds with potent phytotoxicity, seven pairs of azaphilones isomers, isochromophilone H (/), sclerotiorins A and B (/ and ), ochlephilone (/), isochromophilone IV (/), isochromophilone J (/), and isochromophilone I (/), were isolated from the culture broth of the mangrove-derived fungus, the HY5, by various chromatographic methods. Among them, , , , , , , and were new compounds. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were elucidated based on high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis, and comparisons of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compounds , , and exhibited potent phytotoxicity against the growth of radicle and plumule on L., with EC values ranging from 234.87 to 320.84 μM, compared to the positive control glufosinate-ammonium, with EC values of 555.11 μM for radicle, and 656.04 μM for plumule. Compounds and also showed inhibitory effects on the growth of velvetleaf ( Medikus), with EC values ranging from 768.97 to 1,201.52 μM. This study provides new leading compounds for the research and development of marine-derived bioherbicides.