Liu Ying, Song Lijie, Feng Na, Jiang Wei, Jin Yongri, Li Xuwen
College of Chemistry, Jilin University No. 2699, Qianjin Road Changchun Jilin 130012 PR China
First Clinical Hospital, Jilin Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun 130021 China.
RSC Adv. 2020 Oct 1;10(59):36230-36240. doi: 10.1039/d0ra07138b. eCollection 2020 Sep 28.
Over the past three decades, enzymatic polymerization has dramatically developed and gradually broadened as a creative methodology in the construction of polymeric materials with tailor-made structures and properties. Compared with transition metal catalyst polymerizations, enzymatic polymerization is more attractive in the biomedicine field due to the metal-free residue, good biocompatibility, and few by-products. Meanwhile, enzymatic polymerization has far more activity towards macrolides. In this review, the synthesis of lipase-catalyzed polymer materials is systematically summarized, focusing on the synthesis of the complex and well-defined polymers. The enzymatic polyester synthesis was then discussed concerning the different reaction types, including ring-opening polymerization, polycondensation, a combination of ring-opening polymerization with polycondensation, and chemoenzymatic polymerization. Besides, exploration of novel biocatalysts and reaction media was also described, with particular emphasis on the enzymes obtained immobilization or protein engineering strategies, green solvents, and reactors. Finally, recent developments in catalytic kinetics and mechanistic studies through the use of spectroscopy, mathematics, and computer techniques have been introduced. Besides, we addressed the remaining central issues in enzymatic polymerization and discussed current studies aimed at providing answers.
在过去三十年中，酶促聚合作为一种构建具有定制结构和性能的聚合物材料的创新方法，得到了显著发展并逐渐拓宽了应用范围。与过渡金属催化剂聚合相比，酶促聚合由于无金属残留、良好的生物相容性和较少的副产物，在生物医学领域更具吸引力。同时，酶促聚合对大环内酯类具有更高的活性。在这篇综述中，系统总结了脂肪酶催化的聚合物材料的合成，重点关注复杂且结构明确的聚合物的合成。随后讨论了酶促聚酯合成涉及的不同反应类型，包括开环聚合、缩聚、开环聚合与缩聚的组合以及化学酶促聚合。此外，还描述了新型生物催化剂和反应介质的探索，特别强调了通过固定化或蛋白质工程策略获得的酶、绿色溶剂和反应器。最后，介绍了通过光谱学、数学和计算机技术在催化动力学和机理研究方面的最新进展。此外，我们阐述了酶促聚合中剩余的核心问题，并讨论了旨在提供答案的当前研究。
