Kumari Pratima, Debta Priyanka, Dixit Anshuman
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 20;13:825266. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825266. eCollection 2022.
Among oral diseases, oral cancer is a critical health issue due to its life-threatening potential. Globocan, in its 2020 report, estimated ∼0.37 million new cases of oral cancer, with the majority of them coming from the Asian continent. The WHO has anticipated a rise in the incidences of oral cancer in the coming decades. Various factors, such as genetic, epigenetic, microbial, habitual, and lifestyle factors, are closely associated with oral cancer occurrence and progression. Oral lesions, inherited genetic mutations (dyskeratosis congenital syndrome), and viral infections (HPV) are early signs of oral cancer. Lesions with dysplastic features have been categorized under oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), such as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, are assumed to have a high risk of malignancy. The incidence and prevalence of OPMDs are recorded as being high in South-Asian countries. Early detection, prevention, and treatment of OPMDs are needed to prevent its malignant transformation into oral cancer. Many advanced diagnostic techniques are used to predict their progression and to assess the risk of malignant transformation. This communication provides insight into the importance of early detection and prevention of OPMDs.
在口腔疾病中，口腔癌因其潜在的致命性而成为一个关键的健康问题。Globocan在其2020年的报告中估计，口腔癌新发病例约为37万，其中大多数来自亚洲大陆。世界卫生组织预计，在未来几十年里口腔癌的发病率将会上升。各种因素，如遗传、表观遗传、微生物、习惯和生活方式因素，都与口腔癌的发生和发展密切相关。口腔病变、遗传性基因突变（先天性角化不良综合征）和病毒感染（人乳头瘤病毒）是口腔癌的早期迹象。具有发育异常特征的病变已被归类为口腔潜在恶性疾病（OPMDs），如口腔白斑、红斑、口腔黏膜下纤维化（OSMF）和增殖性疣状白斑，被认为具有很高的恶性风险。OPMDs的发病率和患病率在南亚国家被记录为很高。需要对OPMDs进行早期检测、预防和治疗，以防止其恶变为口腔癌。许多先进的诊断技术被用于预测其进展并评估恶性转化的风险。本通讯深入探讨了早期检测和预防OPMDs的重要性。
