Hirpa Selamawit, Dobbie Fiona, Fogarty Andrew, Addissie Adamu, Kaba Mirgissa, Frese Thomas, Unverzagt Susanne, Kantelhardt Eva Johanna, Siddiqi Kamran, Bauld Linda, Deressa Wakgari
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Centre of Health Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, UK.
J Glob Health Rep. 2022 Apr 25;6. doi: 10.29392/001c.33806.
Shisha smoking predisposes the users to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infections, such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, and herpes. In Ethiopia, there is little data on the adolescents' shisha smoking experience. This study aimed to explore the lived experience of high school students and inform ongoing and future prevention and control interventions.
This study was conducted in Addis Ababa and Adama cities in Ethiopia. Twenty-five secondary school students aged 15-22 years who had shisha smoking experience participated in this study. A topic guide was used to facilitate the in-depth interviews (IDIs) and a digital audio recorder recorded the interviews. Interviews varied between 40-90 minutes and were conducted in private open-air spaces where only the interviewee and researcher were present. Each transcript was coded using Atlas.ti version 8 software. The analytical approach was iterative, with interview transcripts analyzed at the time of coding and re-analyzed after a preliminary result was drafted to search for additional themes.
Students described two key factors that influenced their decision to initiate shisha smoking: peer influence and perceiving it as a means to release stress. After initiating shisha use students maintained the behaviour because of: peer influence, khat chewing, enjoyment of shisha smoking, having prolonged leisure time, and accessibility to shisha. Students regretted the impact shisha use had on their lives, such as conflict with their families, poor academic performance, and spending money on shisha smoking. Female students were also concerned about reproductive health risks related to shisha use.
Peer influence played a major role both in initiating and maintaining shisha use. However, students admitted concern over the impact of shisha smoking on academic performance and their relationship with their families. Since shisha use is associated with khat chewing; shisha smoking control programs cannot be successful without controlling khat. Especially young girls had worries about their reproductive health risks associated with shisha use. This suggests that targeted awareness raising programs highlighting the dangers of shisha use for both health and safety; especially for young women is required.
水烟吸食会使使用者易患心血管疾病、癌症以及感染性疾病，如结核病、肝炎和疱疹。在埃塞俄比亚，关于青少年水烟吸食经历的数据很少。本研究旨在探索高中生的生活经历，并为当前及未来的预防和控制干预措施提供信息。
本研究在埃塞俄比亚的亚的斯亚贝巴和阿达马市进行。25名年龄在15至22岁之间有过水烟吸食经历的中学生参与了本研究。使用主题指南来促进深入访谈（IDIs），并使用数字录音机记录访谈内容。访谈时长在40至90分钟之间，在只有受访者和研究人员在场的私人露天场所进行。每份访谈记录都使用Atlas.ti 8版本软件进行编码。分析方法是迭代式的，访谈记录在编码时进行分析，并在初步结果起草后重新分析以寻找其他主题。
学生们描述了影响他们开始吸食水烟决定的两个关键因素：同伴影响以及将其视为释放压力的一种方式。开始吸食水烟后，学生们继续这种行为的原因包括：同伴影响、咀嚼恰特草、享受水烟吸食、有较长的休闲时间以及容易获得水烟。学生们对水烟吸食对他们生活的影响感到后悔，比如与家人发生冲突、学业成绩不佳以及在水烟吸食上花钱。女学生还担心与水烟吸食相关的生殖健康风险。
同伴影响在开始和持续水烟吸食方面都起到了主要作用。然而，学生们承认担心水烟吸食对学业成绩以及他们与家人关系的影响。由于水烟吸食与咀嚼恰特草有关；如果不控制恰特草，水烟吸食控制项目就不会成功。尤其是年轻女孩担心与水烟吸食相关的生殖健康风险。这表明需要开展有针对性的提高认识项目，强调水烟吸食对健康和安全的危害；特别是针对年轻女性。
