Junsittiwate Rawinun, Srinophakun Thongchai Rohitatisha, Sukpancharoen Somboon
Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Study in Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
Division of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand.
Heliyon. 2022 Apr 14;8(4):e09280. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09280. eCollection 2022 Apr.
In this study, palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) pyrolysis, bio-oil improvement, and generating electricity were all simulated using Aspen plus. This research employed a kinetic reactor for pyrolysis at 500 °C based on 1,000 tons of PEFB per day. The simulation results indicated that 1 kg/hr. PEFB generated 0.11 kg/hr of char, 0.21 kg/hr of gas, and 0.67 kg/hr of bio-oil, which is in good agreement with literature. The relationship between biodiesel yield, CO emissions, and utility costs was then investigated the effect of the distillate-to-feed ratio of biodiesel distillation, heat exchanger temperature, and the flash drum pressure from the process simulation by using central composite design (CCD). The coefficient of determination (R) values for biodiesel yield, CO emissions, and utility costs were 0.9940, 0.9941, and 0.9959, respectively, which was a reason for the excellent model fitting. The optimum response (the biodiesel yield, the CO emission, and the utility cost) was obtained at 5,562.73 kg/hr, 33,696.55 kg/hr, and 2,953.99 USD/hr., respectively, with optimum conditions for the distillate-to-feed ratio of 0.899999, temperature of 56.0356 °C and pressure of 18.1479 bar. After that, a quadratic polynomial equation from the RSM was employed as the fitness function to evaluate the fitness value of the multi-objective optimization (MOO) by atom search optimization (ASO) to maximize biodiesel yield and minimize the CO emissions and utility costs. The ASO performance was generated into the Pareto optimal solution of 200 generations. The optimal CCD was then compared with the ASO results. It was found that the ASO could reduce CO emissions by 1.33% and reduce utility costs by 5.03% while increasing biodiesel yields by 7.01%. It can be observed that the ASO was more efficient at finding parameters than the CCD.
在本研究中，使用Aspen plus对棕榈空果串（PEFB）热解、生物油改良及发电进行了模拟。本研究采用动力学反应器在500℃下进行热解，基于每日1000吨的PEFB。模拟结果表明，每小时1千克PEFB产生0.11千克/小时的焦炭、0.21千克/小时的气体和0.67千克/小时的生物油，这与文献结果吻合良好。然后，利用中心复合设计（CCD）通过过程模拟研究了生物柴油产率、CO排放量和公用事业成本之间的关系，以及生物柴油蒸馏的馏出物与进料比、热交换器温度和闪蒸罐压力的影响。生物柴油产率、CO排放量和公用事业成本的决定系数（R）值分别为0.9940、0.9941和0.9959，这是模型拟合良好的原因。分别在馏出物与进料比为0.899999、温度为56.0356℃和压力为18.1479巴的最佳条件下，获得了最佳响应（生物柴油产率、CO排放量和公用事业成本），分别为5562.73千克/小时、33696.55千克/小时和2953.99美元/小时。之后，将来自响应曲面法（RSM）的二次多项式方程用作适应度函数，以通过原子搜索优化（ASO）评估多目标优化（MOO）的适应度值，以最大化生物柴油产率并最小化CO排放量和公用事业成本。ASO性能生成了200代的帕累托最优解。然后将最佳CCD与ASO结果进行比较。结果发现ASO可将CO排放量降低1.33%，将公用事业成本降低5.03%，同时将生物柴油产率提高7.01%。可以看出，ASO在寻找参数方面比CCD更有效。
