Pan Lixiang, Feng Xiaoxiao, Cao Meng, Zhang Shiwen, Huang Yuanfang, Xu Tianheng, Jing Jing, Zhang Hongyan
College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China.
RSC Adv. 2019 May 20;9(28):15686-15693. doi: 10.1039/c9ra00783k.
Different types of soil samples from a typical farmland in northern China were collected and evaluated for the presence of the pesticides and antibiotics. 47 pesticides were extracted with a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) preparation method and cleanup with 50 mg C, while 10 antibiotics were extracted with methanol/EDTA-McIlvaine buffer solution (v/v = 1/1), then both of them were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). Total concentrations of the 47 pesticides in the soil samples ranged from not detectable (ND) to 3.8 mg kg. The soil exhibited relatively high ecological risk for atrazine, chlorpyrifos, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, pymetrozine, and thiamethoxam, as over 1.0% of the sample concentrations exceeded 0.1 mg kg. The residual levels of the 10 antibiotics were relatively low (ND-951.0 μg kg). Tetracyclines exhibited a high detection rate (20.9%), with 2.8% of the soil samples exhibiting tetracyclines concentrations exceeding 100 μg kg, implying high ecological risk. The 4 sulfonamides and 2 macrolides analyzed showed detection rates below 0.8%. Spatial changes in the distribution of pesticides and antibiotics appear to be related to land use patterns, particularly orchards and vegetable plots. The over-standard rate of pesticides and antibiotics in orchards was greater than that of vegetable plots, and grain fields had the lowest over-standard rate. These data were helpful to figure out the pollution of these pesticides and antibiotics, and provided valuable information for soil quality assessment and risk assessment.
采集了中国北方典型农田的不同类型土壤样本，对其中的农药和抗生素进行检测。采用快速、简便、廉价、高效、耐用且安全的（QuEChERS）制备方法提取47种农药，并用50mg C进行净化；用甲醇/EDTA - 麦克尔维恩缓冲溶液（v/v = 1/1）提取10种抗生素，然后两者均采用高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱仪（HPLC - MS/MS）进行分析。土壤样本中47种农药的总浓度范围为未检出（ND）至3.8mg/kg。对于莠去津、毒死蜱、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、吡蚜酮和噻虫嗪，该土壤表现出相对较高的生态风险，因为超过1.0%的样本浓度超过了0.1mg/kg。10种抗生素的残留水平相对较低（ND - 951.0μg/kg）。四环素的检出率较高（20.9%），2.8%的土壤样本中四环素浓度超过100μg/kg，这意味着存在较高的生态风险。所分析的4种磺胺类药物和2种大环内酯类药物的检出率低于0.8%。农药和抗生素分布的空间变化似乎与土地利用模式有关，特别是果园和菜地。果园中农药和抗生素的超标率高于菜地，而粮田的超标率最低。这些数据有助于了解这些农药和抗生素的污染情况，并为土壤质量评估和风险评估提供有价值的信息。
