Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
Anat Sci Int. 2022 Jul;97(3):251-263. doi: 10.1007/s12565-022-00667-6. Epub 2022 May 6.
Cadaver surgical training (CST), which ensures medical safety by improving the skills of surgeons, is popular overseas. However, training involves ethical issues given the use of cadavers. In 2012, the Japan Surgical Society and the Japanese Association of Anatomists compiled and opened the "Guidelines for Cadaver Dissection in Education and Research of Clinical Medicine (Guideline 2012)" to the public. This has allowed Japan to conduct CST or research under the regulations of Postmortem Examination and Corpse Preservation Act and the Body Donation Act. However, its dissemination has been sluggish. The Clinical Anatomy Lab (CAL), established in 2010 at Chiba University, is a facility for conducting CST and research. In the 11 years since its inception, 250 programs have been implemented. Orthopedics had the most implemented in the clinical field, with 120 (48%), followed by emergency and critical care medicine with 27 (10.8%), and neurological surgery with 27 (10. 8%). Based on the purpose of the training, the most common objective for the programs (approximately 83%) was education. Further, the highest number of programs was recorded in 2018 (34) and participants in 2017 (631). The implementation of CST requires more than just guiding surgeons to a dissection practice room. There are several methods of preserving cadavers to make them suitable for CST. For various surgical simulations, an operating table is more suitable than a dissection table. The current paper provides information on how to implement CST in universities that have so far only worked on anatomy education for medical students.
尸体外科培训（CST）通过提高外科医生的技能来确保医疗安全，在海外很受欢迎。然而，由于使用了尸体，培训涉及到伦理问题。2012 年，日本外科学会和日本解剖学家协会向公众公布了《临床医学教育和研究尸体解剖指南（指南 2012）》。这使得日本能够在《死后检查和尸体保存法》和《遗体捐赠法》的规定下进行 CST 或研究。然而，其传播一直很缓慢。千叶大学于 2010 年成立的临床解剖实验室（CAL）是一个进行 CST 和研究的设施。自成立以来的 11 年里，已经实施了 250 个项目。在临床领域，骨科项目最多，有 120 个（48%），其次是急救和危重病医学，有 27 个（10.8%），神经外科有 27 个（10.8%）。根据培训目的，项目最常见的目标（约 83%）是教育。此外，2018 年记录的项目数量最多（34 个），参与者人数最多（631 人）。实施 CST 不仅需要指导外科医生进入解剖练习室。还有几种保存尸体的方法，使它们适合 CST。对于各种手术模拟，手术台比解剖台更合适。本文提供了关于如何在迄今为止仅为医学生进行解剖学教育的大学中实施 CST 的信息。
