Charmode Sundip, Ratanpara Lalit, Sheikh Nishat, Ravi Kumar Satish, Mehra Simmi
Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rajkot, Rajkot, IND.
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Deoghar, Deoghar, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Apr 17;16(4):e58473. doi: 10.7759/cureus.58473. eCollection 2024 Apr.
The study of human cadavers is essential for teaching, advanced training, and research in medical and anatomical sciences. Medical institutions around the globe presently face a scarcity of cadaver supplies. For the majority of countries, unclaimed bodies are still the primary source of cadavers despite guidelines issued by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, which discourage the use of unclaimed bodies. This self-funded study aims to conduct a review of the existing national and international laws safeguarding the several rights of a deceased person. The study also reviewed the existing anatomy acts (and related acts) across various countries that facilitate cadaver supply for anatomy education and research. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an online search for publications in four medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar) was conducted from 1950 till 2022. A research review protocol was registered in PROSPERO prospectively (registration ID: CRD42023469534) using the Mesh terms like cadaver, anatomy education, dead person and rights, body donation program, unclaimed bodies, and anatomy acts. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 149 publications were shortlisted. After reviewing all the shortlisted articles, laws, and guidelines, using the data extraction checklist prepared by both authors, five international laws, three supreme court case decisions, two high court case decisions, four Indian penal Code Sections, and 22 anatomy acts were selected. Articles from other medical databases could not be reviewed, which was the limitation of this study. The anatomy/human tissue/tissue transplantation acts and advisories from regulatory bodies of individual African, Middle-Eastern, and European countries could not be retrieved. The review findings will emphasize the distinctions between India's anatomy acts and those of other developed nations, thereby broadening our perspective as we propose a model anatomy act for uniform implementation across the country to streamline the procurement of cadavers.
人体尸体研究对于医学和解剖学领域的教学、高级培训及研究至关重要。全球各地的医疗机构目前都面临尸体供应短缺的问题。对于大多数国家而言，尽管国际解剖学家协会联合会发布了相关指南不鼓励使用无人认领的尸体，但无人认领的尸体仍是尸体的主要来源。这项自筹资金的研究旨在对保障死者各项权利的现行国内和国际法律进行综述。该研究还审查了各国现行的解剖学法案（及相关法案），这些法案有助于为解剖学教育和研究提供尸体供应。根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，于1950年至2022年在四个医学数据库（PubMed、Scopus、科学网和谷歌学术）中进行了在线出版物搜索。使用诸如尸体、解剖学教育、死者与权利、遗体捐赠计划、无人认领的尸体以及解剖学法案等医学主题词，在PROSPERO中前瞻性地注册了一项研究综述方案（注册号：CRD42023469534）。在应用纳入标准后，筛选出了149篇出版物。在审查了所有入围的文章、法律和指南后，使用两位作者共同编制的数据提取清单，挑选出了五项国际法、三项最高法院判例、两项高等法院判例、印度刑法典的四个条款以及22项解剖学法案。无法审查来自其他医学数据库的文章，这是本研究的局限性。无法获取非洲、中东和欧洲个别国家监管机构的解剖学/人体组织/组织移植法案及咨询意见。综述结果将强调印度解剖学法案与其他发达国家解剖学法案之间的差异，从而在我们提出一项全国统一实施的示范解剖学法案以简化尸体采购流程时拓宽我们的视野。
