Mei Q-X, Li B-W, Wu Y-K, Cai M-L, Wang Y, Yao L, Zhou Z-C, Duan L-M
Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
HYQ Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China.
Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Apr 22;128(16):160504. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.160504.
Quantum simulation provides important tools in studying strongly correlated many-body systems with controllable parameters. As a hybrid of two fundamental models in quantum optics and in condensed matter physics, the Rabi-Hubbard model demonstrates rich physics through the competition between local spin-boson interactions and long-range boson hopping. Here, we report an experimental realization of the Rabi-Hubbard model using up to 16 trapped ions and present a controlled study of its equilibrium properties and quantum dynamics. We observe the ground-state quantum phase transition by slowly quenching the coupling strength, and measure the quantum dynamical evolution in various parameter regimes. With the magnetization and the spin-spin correlation as probes, we verify the prediction of the model Hamiltonian by comparing theoretical results in small system sizes with experimental observations. For larger-size systems of 16 ions and 16 phonon modes, the effective Hilbert space dimension exceeds 2^{57}, whose dynamics is intractable for classical supercomputers.
量子模拟为研究具有可控参数的强关联多体系统提供了重要工具。作为量子光学和凝聚态物理中两个基本模型的混合体，拉比 - 哈伯德模型通过局域自旋 - 玻色子相互作用与长程玻色子跳跃之间的竞争展现出丰富的物理现象。在此，我们报告了使用多达16个囚禁离子对拉比 - 哈伯德模型的实验实现，并对其平衡性质和量子动力学进行了可控研究。我们通过缓慢调节耦合强度观察到基态量子相变，并测量了各种参数区域下的量子动力学演化。以磁化强度和自旋 - 自旋关联为探针，我们通过比较小系统尺寸下的理论结果与实验观测来验证模型哈密顿量的预测。对于包含16个离子和16个声子模式的更大尺寸系统，有效希尔伯特空间维度超过2^{57}，其动力学对于经典超级计算机来说难以处理。
