Breu Doris, Müller Elisabeth
LABOKLIN GmbH & Co. KG.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 2022 Apr;50(2):102-111. doi: 10.1055/a-1795-8078. Epub 2022 May 6.
This study was aimed to assess the distribution and frequency of uroliths in cats as well as to evaluate gender-, age-, and breed-specific differences.
3629 uroliths from cats in Germany were analyzed by infrared-spectroscopy during the period 2016-2020. The majority (3300) of the uroliths originated from purebred cats of 22 breeds.
Uroliths were prevalent in the order of male neutered (45.3 %), female spayed (35.3 %), male intact (7.4 %), and female intact cats (6.3 %). Median age of the cats with uroliths was 7 years, although it varied slightly depending on types of the urolith. The most frequent uroliths were calcium oxalate (59.5 %), followed by struvite (33.7 %), ammonium urate (2 %), calcium phosphate (1.7 %), cystine (0.7 %) and xanthine (0.4 %). Males (59.4 %) and females (59.2 %) showed nearly identical prevalence of calcium oxalates, whereas it significantly diverged in castrated (60.2 %) versus intact animals (54.4 %; p = 0.01). With regard to struvites, male cats (32.6 %) were less prone than females (35.4 %; p = 0.08) while intact cats (38.2 %) significantly outnumbered the castrated cohorts (33.1 %; p = 0.02). The prevalence for calcium oxalate uroliths increased by 6.6 % during the study period, contrasting a decrease of 5.5 % for struvites. Some breeds (> 10 individuals) showed significantly higher propensities than others for urolith formation. Calcium oxalates were significantly more frequent in British shorthair cats (85.2 %), Ragdoll (75 %), Scottish fold (74.1 %) and Persians (72.4 %). Struvites were prevailing in Norwegian forest cats (48.5 %), British longhair (41.7 %), European shorthair (41.7 %) and Siberian forest cats (36.8 %). Siamese cats had the significantly highest percentage of cystine uroliths (16 %).
The occurrence of urine calculi in cats from Germany was found to be most frequent for calcium oxalate and struvite types. We also found breed-, age-, gender- specific differences in addition to variations depending on the neutering status of the animals.
本研究旨在评估猫尿路结石的分布及发生频率，并评估性别、年龄和品种特异性差异。
2016年至2020年期间，对德国3629颗猫尿路结石进行了红外光谱分析。其中大多数（3300颗）尿路结石来自22个品种的纯种猫。
尿路结石在已绝育雄猫（45.3%）、已绝育雌猫（35.3%）、未绝育雄猫（7.4%）和未绝育雌猫（6.3%）中的发生率依次降低。患尿路结石猫的中位年龄为7岁，不过因结石类型不同略有差异。最常见的尿路结石是草酸钙结石（59.5%），其次是磷酸铵镁结石（33.7%）、尿酸铵结石（2%）、磷酸钙结石（1.7%）、胱氨酸结石（0.7%）和黄嘌呤结石（0.4%）。雄猫（59.4%）和雌猫（59.2%）的草酸钙结石发生率几乎相同，而在去势动物（60.2%）和未去势动物中（54.4%）有显著差异（p = 0.01）。关于磷酸铵镁结石，雄猫（32.6%）比雌猫（35.4%；p = 0.08）更不易患，而未去势猫（38.2%）明显多于去势猫（33.1%；p = 0.02）。在研究期间，草酸钙结石的发生率增加了6.6%，而磷酸铵镁结石减少了5.5%。一些品种（>10只）比其他品种更易形成尿路结石。草酸钙结石在英国短毛猫（85.2%）、布偶猫（75%）、苏格兰折耳猫（74.1%）和波斯猫（72.4%）中明显更常见。磷酸铵镁结石在挪威森林猫（48.5%）、英国长毛猫（41.7%）、欧洲短毛猫（41.7%）和西伯利亚森林猫（36.8%）中占主导。暹罗猫的胱氨酸结石比例显著最高（16%）。
德国猫中最常见的尿路结石类型是草酸钙和磷酸铵镁结石。我们还发现了品种、年龄、性别特异性差异，以及因动物去势状态不同而产生的变化。
