Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 6;22(1):255. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03309-y.
Across the globe, 149 and 49 million children are stunted and wasted, respectively. Prevalence of stunting and wasting is 40.2 and 17.7% in children of Pakistan. Stunting and wasting are accompanied with genetics, dietary factor, lack of information, bottle feeding, illiterate parents, less birth interval, infection such as diarrhoea, low birth weight, mother suffering from malnutrition during pregnancy, breastfeeding, pharmaceutical, and hormonal, psychosocial, and low social-economic status.
Stunted and wasted children and their mothers were called on and detail discussions related to research plan were carried out. Informed consent was assured from mothers, for participation in the study. The demographics, anthropometrics, vital signs observations, body composition, clinical signs and symptoms, dietary intake and associated biomarkers (CBC, level of urea nitrogen in blood, serum albumin globulin and serum creatinine.) were tools for nutritional health status assessment. SPSS software was implied on data.
The study found that 27.2% mothers were belonged to stunted children, 17.3% belonged to wasted children, and 50.9% belonged to those children who were suffering from both stunting and wasting condition.57.9% mothers who were illiterate belong to stunted and wasted children. CBC and Hb test was prominent, stunted and wasted children had Hb 9.88 mg/dL, whereas, their mothers had 10.8 mg/dL as average Hb. The average height and weight of stunted and wasted children was 68.6 cm and 7.11 kg respectively. Dietary patterns and diet quality of both mothers and children were poor, due to lack of affordability; they were not able to eat healthy food.
Stunting and wasting ultimately resulted in poor growth and development of children. Most of children were anemic, they height and weight less than WHO growth standards. They had less knowledge and poor intake of food diet pattern so children growth was poor.
在全球范围内，分别有 1.49 亿和 4900 万儿童发育迟缓或消瘦。巴基斯坦儿童发育迟缓或消瘦的比例分别为 40.2%和 17.7%。发育迟缓或消瘦与遗传、饮食因素、信息缺乏、奶瓶喂养、父母文盲、生育间隔较短、腹泻等感染、低出生体重、母亲妊娠期间营养不良、母乳喂养、药物、荷尔蒙、心理社会和低社会经济地位有关。
召集发育迟缓或消瘦的儿童及其母亲，并就研究计划进行详细讨论。确保母亲同意参与研究。人口统计学、人体测量学、生命体征观察、身体成分、临床症状和体征、饮食摄入以及相关生物标志物（CBC、血液中尿素氮水平、血清白蛋白球蛋白和血清肌酐）是评估营养健康状况的工具。数据采用 SPSS 软件进行分析。
研究发现，27.2%的母亲属于发育迟缓儿童，17.3%属于消瘦儿童，50.9%属于同时患有发育迟缓或消瘦的儿童。57.9%的不识字母亲属于发育迟缓或消瘦儿童。CBC 和 Hb 测试很明显，发育迟缓或消瘦的儿童的 Hb 为 9.88mg/dL，而他们的母亲的平均 Hb 为 10.8mg/dL。发育迟缓或消瘦儿童的平均身高和体重分别为 68.6cm 和 7.11kg。由于经济能力不足，母亲和儿童的饮食模式和饮食质量都很差，他们无法食用健康的食物。
发育迟缓或消瘦最终导致儿童生长发育不良。大多数儿童贫血，身高和体重低于世卫组织生长标准。他们的知识和食物摄入量都很少，因此儿童的生长状况较差。
