Yu Gui-Rui, Zhang Xue-Mei, Zhao Dong-Sheng, Deng Si-Qi
Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Mar;33(3):577-590. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.020.
The carrying capacity of resources and environment is an essential concept in ecology, the theoretical and practical research of which has become an important basis for measuring regional sustainable development. However, the scientific connection between the ecological foundation and the carrying capacity of resources and environment is still unclear. Moreover, it remains unknown which ecological theories played a supporting role in the development of the resources and environment carrying capacity, which makes the scientific concept of carrying capacity very vague. Based on the discussion of the scientific concepts and development of the carrying capacity of resources and environmen, we systematically discussed the basic concepts, such as the niche volume that organisms can occupy, the ecological threshold of ecosystems to withstand environmental stress, the potential resource capacity (supply capacity) of sustainable supply such as climate, water and nutrition, and the environmental capacity of buffering and purifying pollutants. Furthermore, from the biophysical point perspective of foundation pressure bearing capacity, spatial capacity carrying capacity and ecological threshold carrying capacity, the scientific concepts of Natural Resources Supply Carrying Capacity (NRSCC), Nature Environment Carrying Capacity (NECC), Carrying Capacity of Biological Population Development (CCBPD), Carrying Capacity of Social and Economic Development (CCSED) and Carrying Capacity of Environmental Stress in Ecosystems (CCESE) were defined. Finally, three basic issues of ecology were discussed in detail, including the theory of population growth and the ecological capacity of the ecosystem, the theory of ecosystem multi-functionality and resource and environmental effects, and the theory of alternative stable states, self-adaptability, and self-organization. Based on exploring the theory and method of regional resource environmental assessment, this study would provide theoretical basis for regional resource environment utilization, protection and social and economic sustainable development.
资源与环境承载力是生态学中的一个重要概念，其理论与实践研究已成为衡量区域可持续发展的重要依据。然而，生态基础与资源环境承载力之间的科学联系仍不明确。此外，尚不清楚哪些生态理论在资源环境承载力的发展中起到了支撑作用，这使得承载力的科学概念非常模糊。基于对资源环境承载力科学概念及发展的讨论，我们系统地探讨了一些基本概念，如生物体可占据的生态位体积、生态系统承受环境压力的生态阈值、气候、水和营养等可持续供应的潜在资源容量（供给能力）以及缓冲和净化污染物的环境容量。此外，从基础压力承载能力、空间容量承载能力和生态阈值承载能力的生物物理角度，定义了自然资源供给承载力（NRSCC）、自然环境承载力（NECC）、生物种群发展承载力（CCBPD）、社会经济发展承载力（CCSED）和生态系统环境压力承载力（CCESE）的科学概念。最后，详细讨论了生态学的三个基本问题，包括种群增长理论与生态系统的生态容量、生态系统多功能性理论与资源环境效应以及替代稳定状态、自适应和自组织理论。基于对区域资源环境评价理论与方法的探索，本研究将为区域资源环境利用、保护及社会经济可持续发展提供理论依据。
