Sun Guo-Dong, Zeng Xiao-Dong, Cui Ming
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Mar;33(3):638-647. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.026.
Multiple ecosystems (grassland, desert and shrubs) always coexist in ecologically fragile areas. Influence by external environmental conditions and human activities, one ecosystem in ecologically fragile areas would be changed into another, called abrupt change. It is important to analyze the stability of each ecosystem in ecologically fragile areas under the condition of multiple ecosystems coexistence for understanding ecosystem changes. In this article, we reviewed several mathematical models that can describe the dynamic system and stability of multiple ecosystems in ecologically fragile areas. The dynamic system described by differential equations included the uniform and non-uniform ecosystems, as well as multi-ecosystems with the existence of forests, grasses, and deserts. There were three types of methods for analyzing the stability of the ecosystem. One type was the analysis method of ecosystem stability caused by the initial perturbation that could represent human activities, and the other type was the analysis method of ecosystem stability caused by the model perturbation that can represent the changes of environmental factors (precipitation, temperature, ), and the third type was the analysis method of ecosystem stability caused by the combination of initial perturbation and model perturbation. Finally, we introduced how to analyze the stabilities of ecosystem in ecologically fragile areas with those methods. These mathematical methods not only help us understand the stability of the ecosystems in the ecologically fragile area, but also provide theoretical guidance for the abrupt change of the ecological system, future prediction, and management.
多个生态系统（草原、沙漠和灌木丛）总是共存于生态脆弱地区。受外部环境条件和人类活动的影响，生态脆弱地区的一种生态系统会转变为另一种，称为突变。分析生态脆弱地区在多种生态系统共存条件下各生态系统的稳定性，对于理解生态系统变化具有重要意义。在本文中，我们回顾了几种能够描述生态脆弱地区多种生态系统动态系统和稳定性的数学模型。由微分方程描述的动态系统包括均匀和非均匀生态系统，以及存在森林、草地和沙漠的多生态系统。有三种分析生态系统稳定性的方法。一种是由可代表人类活动的初始扰动引起的生态系统稳定性分析方法，另一种是由可代表环境因素（降水、温度等）变化的模型扰动引起的生态系统稳定性分析方法，第三种是由初始扰动和模型扰动组合引起的生态系统稳定性分析方法。最后，我们介绍了如何用这些方法分析生态脆弱地区生态系统的稳定性。这些数学方法不仅有助于我们理解生态脆弱地区生态系统的稳定性，而且为生态系统的突变、未来预测和管理提供理论指导。
