Wang Yu-Zhu, Pan Bao-Zhu, Gong Zheng, Li Dian-Bao, Jiang Xiao-Ming, Chen Yue, Li Ke
State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Mar;33(3):821-828. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202202.037.
Conservation of fish resources is the key to ecological protection and high-quality development of Yellow River basin. From 1960 to 2019, Yellow River basin distributed 201 fish species, belonging to 16 orders, 35 families. The species number of Cypriniformes was the largest (accounting for 60.7%), followed by Perciformes (accounting for 10.0%). From 1960 to 1980, there were 182 fish species belonging to 15 orders, 28 families. During 1980-2019, there were 112 species, belonging to 10 orders, 23 families. The total number of fish species in source area, midstream and downstream decreased significantly, while that in the upper reaches increased slightly. Jaccard's similarity index of source area, upstream, midstream and downstream between two periods were 34.2%, 46.0%, 42.4% and 35.7%, respectively. Based on feeding preference characteristic, fish species could be divided into eight feeding guilds: phytobenthivores, herbivores, phytoplanktivores, zooplanktivores, omnivorous, insectivores, zoobenthivores, and piscivores. Compared with the period from 1960 to 1980, the proportion of insectivores decreased significantly in the Yellow River basin during 1980-2019, while that of phytobenthivores, herbivores, phytoplanktivores, omnivorous and piscivores increased significantly. From 1960 to 1980, the proportion of insectivores was higher than other reaches at source area and upstream, then began to decrease along the river continuum from reaches with elevation of 2000-3000 m; while the proportion of piscivores was lower than other reaches at source area and upstream, then began to increase along the river continuum from reaches with elevation of 2000-3000 m. From 1980 to 2019, the proportion of insectivores decreased along river continuum from source area, and that of piscivores increased from source area to midstream but decreased in downstream. Development of cascade hydropower, water pollution, insufficient water flow, overfishing and invasion of alien fish were important factors causing the spatiotemporal variations of fish feeding guilds in Yellow River basin.
鱼类资源保护是黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的关键。1960年至2019年，黄河流域分布有201种鱼类，隶属于16目35科。鲤形目鱼类种类最多（占60.7%），其次是鲈形目（占10.0%）。1960年至1980年，有182种鱼类，隶属于15目28科。1980年至2019年，有112种，隶属于10目23科。河源区、中游和下游鱼类种类总数显著减少，而上游略有增加。两个时期河源区、上游、中游和下游的杰卡德相似性指数分别为34.2%、46.0%、42.4%和35.7%。根据摄食偏好特征，鱼类可分为八个摄食类群：底栖植物食性、草食性、浮游植物食性、浮游动物食性、杂食性、食虫性、底栖动物食性和肉食性。与1960年至1980年相比，1980年至2019年黄河流域食虫性鱼类比例显著下降，而底栖植物食性、草食性、浮游植物食性、杂食性和肉食性鱼类比例显著增加。1960年至1980年，河源区和上游食虫性鱼类比例高于其他河段，然后从海拔2000 - 3000米的河段开始沿河流连续体下降；而肉食性鱼类比例在河源区和上游低于其他河段，然后从海拔2000 - 3000米的河段开始沿河流连续体增加。1980年至2019年，食虫性鱼类比例从河源区沿河流连续体下降，肉食性鱼类比例从河源区到中游增加但在下游下降。梯级水电开发、水污染、水量不足、过度捕捞和外来鱼类入侵是导致黄河流域鱼类摄食类群时空变化的重要因素。
