Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
Psychol Psychother. 2022 Sep;95(3):754-780. doi: 10.1111/papt.12397. Epub 2022 May 8.
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with high levels of distress, co-morbid mental health issues, and elevated risk of suicide. Previous literature indicates that emotion regulation is the most endorsed function of NSSI. Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) provides a powerful tool for investigating the moment-to-moment associations between emotional states and NSSI thoughts and behaviours. The aim of the current study was to systematically review and evaluate ESM research concerning the relationship between momentary emotional states and NSSI.
A systematic search of electronic databases from date of inception to 16th April 2021 was conducted. This was supplemented through backwards citation tracking. A risk of bias assessment was completed prior to data synthesis.
Nineteen eligible studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Heightened negative affect was found to typically precede instances of NSSIT thoughts and behaviour. Results were less consistent for positive affect.
Sample sizes across studies were often small, meaningful effect sizes were not always reported, and non-validated measures of NSSI thoughts and behaviour were used during ESM assessments.
The results support affect regulation models of NSSI, and demonstrate the value of ESM studies, specifically those sampling more than once per day, in plotting the temporal, "in-the-moment" characteristics of these processes.
非自杀性自伤（NSSI）与高度的痛苦、合并的心理健康问题和更高的自杀风险相关。先前的文献表明，情绪调节是 NSSI 最被认可的功能。经验采样方法（ESM）为研究情绪状态与 NSSI 想法和行为之间的瞬间关联提供了强大的工具。本研究的目的是系统地回顾和评估关于瞬时情绪状态与 NSSI 之间关系的 ESM 研究。
从成立日期到 2021 年 4 月 16 日，对电子数据库进行了系统搜索。通过回溯引文跟踪进行了补充。在进行数据综合之前，完成了风险偏倚评估。
确定了 19 项符合纳入标准的研究。研究发现，高度的负性情绪通常先于 NSSIT 想法和行为的发生。对于正性情绪，结果则不太一致。
研究中的样本量通常较小，并非总是报告有意义的效应大小，并且在 ESM 评估中使用了未经验证的 NSSI 想法和行为测量方法。
这些结果支持 NSSI 的情绪调节模型，并证明了 ESM 研究的价值，特别是那些每天采样多次的研究，在绘制这些过程的时间性、“即时”特征方面具有价值。
