With Span and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the membrane material, the as-prepared folate-carbon nanotube-paclitaxel (FA-CNT-PTX) complex was added to the reaction system under sound vibration cavitation and Span-PEG with FA-CNT-PTX microbubbles was obtained. The maximum tolerating dose of the obtained composite microbubbles on Kunming mice was determined by acute toxicity test. Utilizing the breast cancer tumor model in the nude mice to assess the anti-tumor activity , the inhibition effect of the composite microbubbles on tumor growth was analyzed by recording the weight and tumor volume of the nude mice. HE staining observations, the immunohistochemistry method, and TUNEL were, respectively, used to examine the inhibition effect of the composite microbubbles on breast cancer tumors in the nude mice. The ultrasound imaging effects and the changes in the peak intensities of the composite microbubbles were inspected using a Doppler color ultrasound imaging system. The experimental results showed that the maximum tolerated dose of the composite microbubbles was 3500 mg kg, indicating that the composite microbubbles had low toxicity and good biocompatibility. The composite microbubbles could reach the breast cancer tumor a targeting factor, and then hindered the tumor growth by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells and inducing apoptosis of the tumor cells. The composite microbubbles contributed toward enhancing the ultrasound signal and improved the resolution of the ultrasound images and extended the imaging time. Also, the addition of CNTs in the composite microbubbles could enhance the ultrasound contrast. Simultaneously, the peak intensity at the tumor was significantly reduced after the treatment.