School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Apr 29;2022:4359645. doi: 10.1155/2022/4359645. eCollection 2022.
Vacuole compartmentalization plays an important role in the storage of heavy metals in hyperaccumulators. Is the vacuolar compartmentation a simple shielding process or a dynamic process that continuously consumes cell sap resources? How does glutathione affect the process of vacuolar compartmentalization? These unknown questions are very important to understand the mechanism of vacuole compartmentalization and can provide a guide for the design of hyperaccumulator plants by genetic engineering. Therefore, this study explored the enzyme activities, total cadmium, Cd, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and reactive oxygen species contents in protoplasts and vacuoles of leaf cells in L. through subcellular separation. The results showed that vacuolar compartmentalization was a dynamic process that actively induced the related substances produced by cell sap to enter the vacuole for detoxification. When regulating the decreased glutathione content with buthionine sulfoximine, the total cadmium and combined cadmium in protoplasm decreased significantly, but the vacuole still maintained a high proportion of cadmium content and stable ROS content, which indicated that various external resources were preferentially used to maintain cadmium storage and homeostasis in vacuole rather than outside vacuole. These findings could guide the use of genetic engineering to design hyperaccumulator plants.
液泡分隔在重金属在超积累体中的储存中起着重要作用。液泡分隔是一种简单的屏蔽过程，还是一种不断消耗细胞液资源的动态过程？谷胱甘肽如何影响液泡分隔过程？这些未知的问题对于理解液泡分隔的机制非常重要，并且可以为通过遗传工程设计超积累植物提供指导。因此，本研究通过亚细胞分离，探讨了 L. 叶片细胞原生质体和液泡中的酶活性、总镉（Cd）、谷胱甘肽、氧化型谷胱甘肽和活性氧物质含量。结果表明，液泡分隔是一个主动诱导细胞液产生的相关物质进入液泡解毒的动态过程。当用丁硫氨酸亚砜胺调节谷胱甘肽含量降低时，质体中的总镉和结合镉明显减少，但液泡仍保持高比例的镉含量和稳定的 ROS 含量，这表明各种外部资源优先用于维持液泡中镉的储存和液泡内的平衡。这些发现可以指导遗传工程在设计超积累植物中的应用。
