Saunders Jessica F, Nutter Sarah, Russell-Mayhew Shelly
Hiatt School of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States.
Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Front Glob Womens Health. 2022 Apr 21;3:877554. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.877554. eCollection 2022.
Both body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma have been identified as risk factors for many negative health outcomes for women, including depression and eating disorders. In addition to these contributions, these concepts have been found to overlap to various degrees in existing literature. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on articles published prior to February 2022 to demonstrate the conceptual and measurement overlap between body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma as currently quantified. We identified 48 studies examining the interrelation between body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma in predominantly female samples. Stronger correlations between these two constructs, some bordering on multicollinearity, were prevalent in community samples compared to clinical samples and with some but not all the commonly used measures in the body image and weight stigma fields. Body mass index (BMI) moderated these relations such that individuals with higher self-reported BMI were more likely to report lower correlations between the constructs. This concept proliferation, stronger for individuals with lower BMIs and community samples, necessitates the need change how we conceptualize and measure body dissatisfaction and internalized weight stigma. To this end, we conducted study two to refine existing measures and lessen the degree of measurement overlap between internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction, particularly in community samples of women. We aimed to clarify the boundaries between these two concepts, ensuring measurement error is better accounted for. Female university students completed existing measures of body satisfaction and internalized weight stigma, which were analyzed using an exploratory followed by a confirmatory factor analysis. In our attempts to modify two existing measures of internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction, the majority of the internalized weight stigma items were retained. In contrast, most of the body dissatisfaction items either cross-loaded onto both factors or loaded on to the internalized weight stigma factor despite being intended for the body dissatisfaction factor, suggesting that the measurement issues identified in recent prior research may be due not only to the way we conceptualize and quantify weight stigma, but also the ways in which we quantify body dissatisfaction, across the existing corpus of body dissatisfaction scales.
身体不满和内化的体重污名已被确定为女性许多负面健康结果的风险因素，包括抑郁症和饮食失调。除了这些影响外，这些概念在现有文献中被发现存在不同程度的重叠。我们对2022年2月之前发表的文章进行了系统综述和荟萃分析，以展示目前量化的身体不满和内化的体重污名之间的概念和测量重叠。我们确定了48项研究，这些研究主要在女性样本中考察了身体不满和内化的体重污名之间的相互关系。与临床样本相比，在社区样本中，这两个构念之间的相关性更强，有些接近多重共线性，并且在身体意象和体重污名领域的一些（但不是所有）常用测量方法中也是如此。体重指数（BMI）调节了这些关系，即自我报告BMI较高的个体更有可能报告这两个构念之间的相关性较低。这种概念的扩散，对于BMI较低的个体和社区样本来说更为明显，这就需要改变我们对身体不满和内化的体重污名的概念化和测量方式。为此，我们进行了第二项研究，以完善现有测量方法，并减少内化的体重污名和身体不满之间的测量重叠程度，特别是在女性社区样本中。我们旨在厘清这两个概念之间的界限，确保更好地考虑测量误差。女大学生完成了现有的身体满意度和内化的体重污名测量方法，这些测量方法先进行探索性因素分析，然后进行验证性因素分析。在我们试图修改两项现有的内化的体重污名和身体不满测量方法时，大部分内化的体重污名项目被保留。相比之下，大多数身体不满项目要么交叉加载到两个因素上，要么加载到内化的体重污名因素上，尽管这些项目原本是用于身体不满因素的，这表明近期先前研究中发现的测量问题可能不仅归因于我们对体重污名的概念化和量化方式，还归因于我们在现有身体不满量表语料库中量化身体不满的方式。
