Department of Environmental Science, Ho Technical University, P. O. Box HP 217, Ho, Ghana.
Department of Building Technology, Ho Technical University, P. O. Box HP 217, Ho, Ghana.
J Environ Public Health. 2022 Apr 27;2022:4870731. doi: 10.1155/2022/4870731. eCollection 2022.
Employers are required to supply personal protective equipment (PPE) to all employees in Ghana, and employees are required to wear the PPE provided. In Ghana, previous studies on health and safety in the construction industry that touched on PPE use did not explicitly demonstrate the reasons why many workers choose to use or not to use it, though they may be at risk of occupational hazards. The purpose of this study was to determine building construction artisans' level of access to PPE and the perceived barriers and motivating factors of adherence to its use. The contribution of this study lies in its examination of the perceived barriers and motivating factors underlying adherence and nonadherence to PPE use in the construction industry, particularly building construction, which is yet to be determined in Ghana.
Data was collected from 173 frontline building construction workers using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using a two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the effects of demographic variables on the perceived barrier and motivating factors of adherence to PPE use.
The most common PPE that participants had access to was safety boots/shoes, with their main source being borrowing from colleagues. The majority of participants disagreed with the perceived barriers while agreeing with the motivating factors of adherence to PPE use. The results suggest statistically significant differences for years of working experience (Wilks = 0.77, = 2.47; ≤ 0.01) and form of employment (Wilks = 0.72, = 3.25, ≤ 0.01) for perceived barriers to adherence. For perceived motivating factors to adherence, significant differences were obtained for age group (Wilks = 0.84, = 2.42, ≤ 0.01), years of experience (Wilks = 0.85, = 2.35, ≤ 0.01), and form of employment (Wilks = 0.71, = 5.22, ≤ 0.01).
Age groups, years of experience, and form of employment were the main factors mediating adherence and nonadherence to PPE use by the construction workers. This study recommends safety training for workers if good safety management and performance concerning PPE use are to be achieved.
加纳的雇主必须为所有员工提供个人防护设备 (PPE)，并且员工必须佩戴所提供的 PPE。在加纳，以前的建筑行业健康和安全研究虽然涉及到 PPE 使用情况，但并没有明确说明为什么许多工人选择使用或不使用 PPE，尽管他们可能面临职业危害的风险。本研究的目的是确定建筑施工工匠获得 PPE 的程度，以及他们对遵守 PPE 使用规定的感知障碍和激励因素。这项研究的贡献在于，它考察了建筑行业（特别是建筑施工）中遵守和不遵守 PPE 使用规定的感知障碍和激励因素，而这在加纳尚未确定。
使用结构化问卷从 173 名一线建筑施工工人那里收集数据。使用双向多元方差分析 (MANOVA) 和单向方差分析 (ANOVA) 分析数据，以检验人口统计学变量对遵守 PPE 使用规定的感知障碍和激励因素的影响。
参与者最容易获得的 PPE 是安全靴/鞋，主要来源是向同事借用。大多数参与者不同意遵守 PPE 使用规定的感知障碍，但同意遵守 PPE 使用规定的激励因素。结果表明，工作经验年限（Wilks = 0.77， = 2.47； ≤ 0.01）和就业形式（Wilks = 0.72， = 3.25， ≤ 0.01）对遵守 PPE 使用规定的感知障碍存在统计学上的显著差异。对于遵守 PPE 使用规定的感知激励因素，年龄组（Wilks = 0.84， = 2.42， ≤ 0.01）、工作经验年限（Wilks = 0.85， = 2.35， ≤ 0.01）和就业形式（Wilks = 0.71， = 5.22， ≤ 0.01）均存在显著差异。
年龄组、工作经验年限和就业形式是建筑工人遵守和不遵守 PPE 使用规定的主要因素。如果要实现良好的安全管理和 PPE 使用绩效，本研究建议对工人进行安全培训。
