Doyle Jennifer L, Carroll Christopher J, Corbally Alison F, Fahey Alan G
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
Horse Sport Ireland, Beech House, Millennium Park, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Transl Anim Sci. 2022 Apr 30;6(2):txac038. doi: 10.1093/tas/txac038. eCollection 2022 Apr.
The breeding of sport horses to compete in the Olympic disciplines of show jumping, eventing, and dressage is fast becoming a global industry with the increased use of reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination and embryo transfer. Reproductive technologies have facilitated the dissemination of genetics from elite horses across multiple countries and breeds as breeders are no longer limited by location. Due to this increased level of crossbreeding, there is an increased need for estimated breeding values (EBVs) for sport horse performance that can be compared across breeds and countries. However, the implementation of across-breed or across-country genetic evaluations has been limited by the differences in each studbook's individual breeding programs and genetic evaluations. Consequently, the aim of this review was to compare the genetic evaluations for show jumping of sport horse studbooks worldwide. The top sport horse studbooks in the world according to the World Breeding Federation for Sport Horses Studbook Rankings 2019 were contacted by email to request information on their current breeding programs and genetic evaluations. Twenty-six of the 51 studbooks contacted replied to this request but only 18 of these studbooks conducted their own genetic evaluations or were part of a larger genetic evaluation in their country of origin. The other eight studbooks were not involved in genetic evaluations at present but expressed an interest in the implementation of such in the future. Overall, many differences were identified among the genetic evaluations of each studbook or each country. The definition of show jumping performance differed within each evaluation and the methods and models utilized also differed. Despite some stallions and mares being registered in multiple studbooks or having progeny in multiple studbooks, these differences make comparison of EBVs across studbooks difficult. Further transparency and collaboration of sport horse studbooks with organizations such as Interstallion, will be essential to facilitate any future implementation of international genetic evaluations for show jumping performance.
随着人工授精和胚胎移植等繁殖技术的使用增加，用于参加奥运会场地障碍赛、三项赛和盛装舞步等项目的运动马育种正迅速成为一个全球性产业。繁殖技术促进了优秀马匹的基因在多个国家和品种间传播，因为育种者不再受地理位置限制。由于杂交程度的提高，对运动马性能的估计育种值（EBV）的需求增加，以便能在不同品种和国家间进行比较。然而，跨品种或跨国遗传评估的实施受到每个种马登记簿各自育种计划和遗传评估差异的限制。因此，本综述的目的是比较全球运动马种马登记簿对场地障碍赛的遗传评估。根据2019年世界运动马育种联合会种马登记簿排名，通过电子邮件联系了世界顶级运动马种马登记簿，以获取其当前育种计划和遗传评估的信息。所联系的51个种马登记簿中有26个回复了此请求，但其中只有18个种马登记簿进行了自己的遗传评估，或参与了其原产国的大型遗传评估。其他8个种马登记簿目前未参与遗传评估，但表示未来有兴趣实施此类评估。总体而言，在每个种马登记簿或每个国家的遗传评估中发现了许多差异。每次评估中场地障碍赛性能的定义不同，所使用的方法和模型也不同。尽管有些种公马和种母马在多个种马登记簿中注册，或在多个种马登记簿中有后代，但这些差异使得跨种马登记簿比较EBV变得困难。运动马种马登记簿与Interstallion等组织进一步提高透明度并开展合作，对于促进未来场地障碍赛性能国际遗传评估的实施至关重要。
