Bartolomé Ester, Valera Mercedes, Fernández Jesús, Rodríguez-Ramilo Silvia Teresa
Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jun 25;12(13):1635. doi: 10.3390/ani12131635.
The equine breeding industry for sport's performance has evolved into a fairly profitable economic activity. In particular, the Caballo de Deporte Español (CDE) is bred for different disciplines with a special focus on Show Jumping. The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of 15 years of selection and to find out whether it has been effective and adequate regarding the CDE main breeding objectives. The whole pedigree of 19,045 horses registered as CDE was used, comprising 47,884 animals (18,799 males and 29,085 females). An analysis performed to check for the pedigree completeness level yielded a number of equivalent complete generations (t) equal to 1.95, an average generation interval (GI) of 10.87 years, mean inbreeding coefficient (F) of 0.32%, an average relatedness coefficient (AR) of 0.09% and an effective population size (Ne) of 204. For the analyses, animals were divided into fourteen breed groups. Additionally, in order to study the evolution of these breeds over time and their influence on CDE pedigree, five different periods were considered according to the year of birth of the animals. Performance data used in the analyses were the estimated breeding values (EBV) of the Show Jumping sport discipline of 12,197 horses in the CDE pedigree, available from the 2020 routine genetic evaluations of the CDE breeding program (starting in 2004). Dressage and Eventing EBV values were also assessed. Results showed values of F higher than expected under random mating; this pointed to some degree of inbred matings. With regard to the evolution of breeding values, we found that, in general, EBVs of offspring were higher than the EBVs of parents. Notwithstanding, there is still a need for improvement in population management and the coordination of the breeders to get higher responses but controlling the loss of genetic diversity in the CDE breed.
用于运动表现的马匹繁育产业已发展成为一项颇具盈利性的经济活动。特别是，西班牙运动马（Caballo de Deporte Español，CDE）被培育用于不同的赛事项目，尤其侧重于场地障碍赛。本研究的主要目的是确定15年选育的效果，并查明就CDE的主要繁育目标而言，该选育是否有效且恰当。研究使用了注册为CDE的19,045匹马的完整系谱，其中包括47,884只动物（18,799匹雄性和29,085匹雌性）。对系谱完整性水平进行的分析得出等效完整世代数（t）等于1.95，平均世代间隔（GI）为10.87年，平均近交系数（F）为0.32%，平均亲缘系数（AR）为0.09%，有效种群大小（Ne）为204。为进行分析，动物被分为14个品种组。此外，为了研究这些品种随时间的演变及其对CDE系谱的影响，根据动物的出生年份考虑了五个不同时期。分析中使用的性能数据是CDE系谱中12,197匹马的场地障碍赛运动项目的估计育种值（EBV），这些数据可从CDE繁育计划2020年的常规遗传评估（始于2004年）中获取。盛装舞步和三项赛的EBV值也进行了评估。结果显示，近交系数值高于随机交配情况下的预期值；这表明存在一定程度的近亲交配。关于育种值的演变，我们发现，总体而言，后代的EBV高于亲本的EBV。尽管如此，仍有必要改进种群管理以及育种者之间的协调，以获得更高的响应，但要控制CDE品种遗传多样性的丧失。
