Fellow Pediatric Ophthalmology HMC Peshawar, Pakistan.
Health Department KPK, Pakistan.
Rom J Ophthalmol. 2022 Jan-Mar;66(1):32-35. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2022.8.
Leukocoria means white pupil. Normal pupil appears black in children and adults. The typical red reflex is due to retro-illumination of choroidal vessels reflected via the retina, vitreous humor, crystalline lens, aqueous humor, pupil, and cornea. If there is interference in these structures, it would result in a changed red reflex, or leukocoria. Immediate family members are highly likely to detect the first indicator and the pediatrician or general ophthalmologist is usually the first to be visited. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of common causes of white pupillary reflex in children, to undertake early diagnosis and treatment, and to reduce morbidity and death. This study aimed to see how common it is for children to have a white pupillary reflex when they visit a pediatric ophthalmologist. Determine the incidence of conditions that cause a white pupillary reflex in children who visited Hayatabad Medical Complex Hospital in Peshawar. This study was carried out in the Ophthalmology unit of HMC Hospital Peshawar, from January 2021 to December 2021. 168 patients were enrolled in the study. We included all patients of up to 10 years and both genders with the above findings. Workup for leukocoria was done to find the exact cause that included fundoscopy, B-Scan, MRI, and CT scans. Examination under anesthesia (EUA) was carried out for uncooperative children for detailed fundus examination. Patient data was recorded and a proforma was made to collect all the necessary information. Family history was taken in detail during this study. The most common cause of aberrant pupillary reflex in children aged 1 to 10 years was cataract, 79.76 percent of patients having it. Retinoblastoma (12.5%), Coats disease (3.5%), retinal detachment (2.9%) and persistent hyperplastic vitreous (PHPV) (1.1%) were other notable causes found. Leukocoria is a critical clinical finding, and if parents or primary care physicians notice it, the patient requires a complete follow-up examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist to determine the etiology.
白瞳意味着瞳孔呈现白色。在儿童和成人中，正常瞳孔看起来是黑色的。典型的红色反射是由于脉络膜血管经视网膜、玻璃体、晶状体、房水、瞳孔和角膜的后向反射引起的。如果这些结构受到干扰，就会导致红色反射改变，即白瞳。直系亲属很可能会发现第一个迹象，儿科医生或普通眼科医生通常是第一个被咨询的人。本研究旨在找出儿童白瞳反射的常见原因，进行早期诊断和治疗，降低发病率和死亡率。本研究旨在了解儿科眼科医生就诊的儿童中白瞳反射的常见程度。确定在白沙瓦海亚特巴德医疗综合体医院就诊的儿童中引起白瞳反射的疾病的发生率。本研究于 2021 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月在白沙瓦 HMC 医院的眼科病房进行。共纳入 168 名患者。我们纳入了所有年龄在 10 岁以下的患者，包括男女。对出现白瞳的患者进行了详细的眼科检查，以确定确切的病因，包括眼底镜检查、B 型超声、MRI 和 CT 扫描。对不合作的儿童进行全身麻醉下检查（EUA），以进行详细的眼底检查。记录患者数据并制作表格以收集所有必要信息。在此研究期间详细记录了家族史。1 至 10 岁儿童异常瞳孔反射最常见的原因是白内障，占 79.76%。视网膜母细胞瘤（12.5%）、Coats 病（3.5%）、视网膜脱离（2.9%）和永存原始玻璃体增生症（PHPV）（1.1%）是其他显著原因。白瞳是一种严重的临床发现，如果父母或初级保健医生注意到，患者需要由儿科眼科医生进行全面随访检查，以确定病因。
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