Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(29):9843-9858. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2072807. Epub 2022 May 9.
Hyperlipidemia, high levels of blood lipids including cholesterol and triglycerides, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Traditional treatments of hyperlipidemia often include lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy. Recently, flaxseed has been approved as a nutrient that lowers blood lipids. Several metabolites of flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), have been identified that reduce blood lipids. SDG is present in flaxseed hull as an ester-linked copolymer with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMGA). However, purification processes involved in hydrolysis of the copolymer and enriching SDG are often expensive. The natural copolymer of SDG with HMGA (SDG polymer) is a source of bioactive compounds useful in prophylaxis of hypercholesterolemia. After consumption of the lignan copolymer, SDG and HMGA are released in the stomach and small intestines. SDG is metabolized to secoisolariciresinol, enterolactone and enterodiol, the bioactive forms of mammalian lignans. These metabolites are then distributed throughout the body where they accumulate in the liver, kidney, skin, other tissues, and organs. Successively, these metabolites reduce blood lipids including cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation products. In this review, the metabolism and efficacies of flaxseed-derived enriched SDG and SDG polymer will be discussed.
高脂血症，即血液中胆固醇和甘油三酯等脂类物质含量升高，是心血管疾病的一个主要危险因素。高脂血症的传统治疗方法通常包括生活方式的改变和药物治疗。最近，亚麻籽被批准为一种降低血脂的营养物质。已经鉴定出亚麻籽木脂素开环异落叶松脂二葡萄糖苷（SDG）的几种代谢物，可降低血脂。SDG 以酯键连接的与 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸（HMGA）的共聚物形式存在于亚麻籽种皮中。然而，涉及水解共聚物和富集 SDG 的纯化过程通常很昂贵。SDG 与 HMGA 的天然共聚物（SDG 聚合物）是有用的生物活性化合物的来源，可用于预防高胆固醇血症。在摄入木脂素共聚物后，SDG 和 HMGA 在胃和小肠中释放。SDG 代谢为开环异落叶松脂、肠内酯和肠二醇，这些是哺乳动物木脂素的生物活性形式。然后，这些代谢物分布在全身，在肝脏、肾脏、皮肤、其他组织和器官中积累。这些代谢物随后降低了包括胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和脂质过氧化产物在内的血脂。在这篇综述中，将讨论来源于亚麻籽的富集 SDG 和 SDG 聚合物的代谢和功效。
