Kezimana Parfait, Dmitriev Alexey A, Kudryavtseva Anna V, Romanova Elena V, Melnikova Nataliya V
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Department of Agrobiotechnology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
Front Genet. 2018 Dec 12;9:641. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00641. eCollection 2018.
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), found mainly in flaxseed, is one of the essential lignans. SDG, as well as the beneficial fatty acid composition and high fiber content, has made flaxseed an important source of functional food or nutraceutical ingredients. Various studies have shown that SDG offers several health benefits, including protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and mental stress. These health benefits have been attributed to the antioxidant properties of SDG. Additionally, SDG metabolites, namely mammalian lignans, enterodiol and enterolactone, have shown promising effects against cancer. Therefore, understanding the biosynthetic pathway of SDG and its molecular mechanisms is a key to enable the production of new flaxseed cultivars rich in nutraceutical content. The present review highlights studies on the different health benefits of SDG, as well as lignan biosynthesis in flaxseed and genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway. Since SDG, the predominant lignan in flaxseed, is a glycosylated lignan, we also focus on studies investigating the genes involved in secoisolariciresinol glycosylation. These genes can be used to produce new cultivars with a novel level of glycosylation or lignan composition to maximize the yields of lignans with a therapeutic or protective potential.
开环异落叶松脂素二葡萄糖苷（SDG）主要存在于亚麻籽中，是一种重要的木脂素。SDG以及有益的脂肪酸组成和高纤维含量，使亚麻籽成为功能性食品或营养成分的重要来源。各种研究表明，SDG具有多种健康益处，包括对心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和精神压力的保护作用。这些健康益处归因于SDG的抗氧化特性。此外，SDG的代谢产物，即哺乳动物木脂素肠二醇和肠内酯，已显示出对癌症有良好的效果。因此，了解SDG的生物合成途径及其分子机制是培育富含营养成分的新亚麻籽品种的关键。本综述重点介绍了关于SDG不同健康益处的研究，以及亚麻籽中木脂素的生物合成和生物合成途径中涉及的基因。由于SDG是亚麻籽中主要的木脂素，是一种糖基化木脂素，我们还重点关注了研究开环异落叶松脂素糖基化相关基因的研究。这些基因可用于培育具有新糖基化水平或木脂素组成的新品种，以最大限度地提高具有治疗或保护潜力的木脂素产量。
