Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
Division of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, UP, India.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022;22(11):1073-1090. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220509034847.
Cancer of the female reproductive system involves abnormal cell growth that can potentially invade the peritoneal cavity resulting in malignancy and disease severity. Ovarian cancer is the most common type of gynecological cancer, which often remains undiagnosed until the later stages of the disease or until cancer has metastasized towards the peritoneum and omentum, compelling it to be a deadly disease complicating the prognosis and therapeutics. Environmental, genetics and microbial factors are the common mainsprings to the disease. Moreover, human beings harbor rich microbial diversity in various organs (gut, respiratory tract, reproductive tract, etc.) as a microbiome, crucially impacting health. Any dysbiosis in the microbial diversity or richness of the reproductive tract and gut can contribute to preconditions to develop/progress various diseases, including ovarian carcinoma. The microbiome may have a casual or associate role in ovarian cancer development, with Proteobacteria being the most dominant taxa in cancer patients and Firmicutes being the most dominant in a normal healthy adult female. A healthy estrogen-gut axis has an essential role in estrogen metabolism and utilization. However, estrobolome (Bacteriodete, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria) dysbiosis has an indirect association with ovarian carcinoma. Microbes associated with sexually transmitted diseases also impact the induction and progression of ovarian malignancies. Altogether, the microbes and their metabolites are incidental to the risk of developing ovarian carcinoma.
女性生殖系统癌症涉及异常细胞生长，可能会侵犯腹腔，导致恶性肿瘤和疾病加重。卵巢癌是最常见的妇科癌症，通常在疾病晚期或癌症已经转移到腹膜和大网膜时才被诊断出来，因此是一种致命的疾病，会影响预后和治疗效果。环境、遗传和微生物因素是导致这种疾病的常见主要原因。此外，人类在各种器官（肠道、呼吸道、生殖道等）中拥有丰富的微生物多样性，作为微生物组，对健康起着至关重要的作用。生殖道和肠道的微生物多样性或丰富度任何失调都可能导致各种疾病的发生/进展，包括卵巢癌。微生物组可能在卵巢癌的发展中具有因果关系或关联作用，其中变形菌门在癌症患者中最为优势，厚壁菌门在正常健康成年女性中最为优势。健康的雌激素-肠道轴在雌激素代谢和利用中起着重要作用。然而，雌激素代谢组（拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门）失调与卵巢癌间接相关。与性传播疾病相关的微生物也会影响卵巢恶性肿瘤的发生和发展。总的来说，微生物及其代谢产物与卵巢癌的发病风险有关。
