Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, US.
Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle WA, US.
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2022;11(2):140-148. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000505.
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with limited treatment options and considerable diagnostic challenges. Identification and validation of retinal changes that correlate with clinicopathologic features of AD could provide a noninvasive method of screening and monitoring progression of disease, with notable implications for developing new therapies, particularly in its preclinical stages. Retinal biomarkers that have been studied to date include structural changes in neurosensory retinal layers, alterations in vascular architecture and function, and pathologic deposition of proteins within the retina, which have all demonstrated variable correlation with the presence of preclinical or clinical AD. Evolution of specialized retinal imaging modalities and advances in artificial intelligence hold great promise for future study in this burgeoning field. The current status of research in retinal biomarkers, and some of the challenges that will need to be addressed in future work, are reviewed herein.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是全球发病率和死亡率的重要原因，其治疗选择有限，诊断挑战较大。识别和验证与 AD 的临床病理特征相关的视网膜变化，可以提供一种非侵入性的筛查和监测疾病进展的方法，对开发新疗法具有重要意义，特别是在疾病的临床前阶段。迄今为止，已经研究了多种视网膜生物标志物，包括神经感觉视网膜层的结构变化、血管结构和功能的改变，以及视网膜内蛋白质的病理性沉积，这些都与临床前或临床 AD 的存在具有不同程度的相关性。专门的视网膜成像模式的发展和人工智能的进步为这一迅速发展的领域的未来研究带来了巨大的希望。本文综述了视网膜生物标志物的研究现状，以及未来工作中需要解决的一些挑战。
