CDC/National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland.
CDC/National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Nov;122(11):2115-2126.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.05.006. Epub 2022 May 6.
The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend intake of a variety of vegetables, including dark green, red, and orange vegetables and starchy and other vegetables.
This study aims to describe sociodemographic differences in the contribution of different categories of vegetables and the form in which they are consumed (ie, discrete vegetables, mixed dishes, and other foods such as savory snacks to total vegetable intake on a given day).
This is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: This study included the data of 7122 persons aged 2 years with reliable day 1 24-hour dietary recalls.
Serving equivalents of vegetables from 20 discrete categories of vegetables and from mixed dishes and other foods as a percentage of total vegetables.
Pairwise differences by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and family income were examined using univariate t statistics, and trends by age and income were examined using orthogonal polynomials.
Mean serving equivalents of vegetables was 1.4 cups. The serving equivalents increased with age among youth, was higher among non-Hispanic Asian (NHA) persons than other subgroups, and increased with increasing family income. Overall, discrete vegetables contributed 55.2% of total vegetable intake, and the contribution increased with age in adults and with increasing family income. The top 5 discrete vegetable contributors were other vegetables and combinations, french fries and other fried white potatoes, lettuce and lettuce salads, mashed potatoes and white potato mixtures, and baked or boiled white potatoes. Nonstarchy discrete vegetables contributed more to total vegetables for adults (37.6%) than youth (28.0%), and the contribution increased with increasing family income. On the other hand, the contribution of mixed dishes and other foods decreased with increasing family income.
Discrete vegetables only contributed 55.2% of total vegetable intake, and the top sources were not varied. Three of them potato based, which may explain the reported low vegetable intake, relative to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. More than one-third of vegetables consumed were nonstarchy discrete vegetables, many of which are high in vitamins. Nonstarchy discrete vegetable intake was higher in adults than youth and increased with family income.
2020-2025 年美国人饮食指南建议摄入各种蔬菜，包括深绿色、红色和橙色蔬菜以及淀粉类和其他蔬菜。
本研究旨在描述不同类别的蔬菜以及其食用形式（即离散蔬菜、混合菜肴和其他食物，如咸味零食）在特定日期内对蔬菜总摄入量的贡献方面的社会人口统计学差异。
这是对 2017-2018 年全国健康和营养调查的横断面、二次分析。
参与者/设置：本研究纳入了 7122 名 2 岁且有可靠第 1 天 24 小时膳食回忆的参与者。
来自 20 种离散蔬菜类别和混合菜肴及其他食物的蔬菜份当量占蔬菜总量的百分比。
使用单变量 t 检验比较年龄、性别、种族、西班牙裔来源和家庭收入的差异，使用正交多项式检验年龄和收入的趋势。
蔬菜平均份当量为 1.4 杯。年轻人的份当量随年龄增长而增加，非西班牙裔亚裔（NHA）人群高于其他亚组，且随家庭收入增加而增加。总体而言，离散蔬菜占蔬菜总摄入量的 55.2%，成年人的摄入量随年龄增长而增加，随家庭收入增加而增加。离散蔬菜前 5 名贡献者是其他蔬菜和组合、薯条和其他油炸白土豆、生菜和生菜沙拉、土豆泥和白薯混合物以及烤或煮白薯。成人非淀粉类离散蔬菜的总蔬菜摄入量（37.6%）高于青少年（28.0%），且随家庭收入增加而增加。另一方面，混合菜肴和其他食物的贡献随家庭收入增加而减少。
离散蔬菜仅占蔬菜总摄入量的 55.2%，且前 5 大来源不丰富。其中 3 种是基于土豆的，这可能解释了相对于 2020-2025 年美国人饮食指南，蔬菜摄入量相对较低的原因。三分之一以上的蔬菜是非淀粉类离散蔬菜，其中许多蔬菜富含维生素。成人的非淀粉类离散蔬菜摄入量高于青少年，且随家庭收入增加而增加。
