Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jul;49(7):6997-7011. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07472-4. Epub 2022 May 9.
Implementing precision oncology for breast cancer (BC) is a critical method for improving patient outcomes, which relies on the use of reliable biomarkers to be effective and safe. exosomes represent a potential alternative for the diagnosis and therapy of BC, As a "liquid biopsy" and a novel source for biomarkers. Exosomes are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles released by most cells that contain a large payload of various RNA species that can alter recipient cell activity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were recently revealed as a looping subclass of competing endogenous noncoding RNAs (ceRNAs) capable of microRNA sponging to regulate gene expression. They provide critical regulatory functions in carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance, as well as cancer prognostic. However, there is still a major gap in our understanding of the role of circRNA in the advancement of BC. CircRNAs are abundant in exosomes, according to various studies, and exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs) play a significant role in cancer biology. Exo-circRNAs can be picked up by nearby or distant cells, affecting many features of the target cells' pathophysiological states, thus boosting cell communication and tumor spread. In this review, we have briefly summarized the major properties and functions of exosomes. Then, we have focused on exo-circRNAs, discussing their potential roles in both driving and inhibiting BC, as well as for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.
将精准肿瘤学应用于乳腺癌 (BC) 是改善患者预后的关键方法，这依赖于使用可靠的生物标志物来实现有效和安全。外泌体作为一种“液体活检”和新的生物标志物来源，代表了 BC 诊断和治疗的潜在选择。外泌体是大多数细胞释放的纳米级磷脂双层囊泡，其中包含大量各种 RNA 种类，可以改变受体细胞的活性。环状 RNA (circRNA) 最近被揭示为竞争性内源性非编码 RNA (ceRNA) 的一种环状亚类，能够通过微 RNA 海绵作用来调节基因表达。它们在致癌作用、增殖、侵袭、转移和治疗耐药性以及癌症预后中提供关键的调节功能。然而，我们对 circRNA 在 BC 进展中的作用的理解仍然存在很大差距。根据各种研究，circRNA 在细胞外体中含量丰富，外泌体 circRNA (exo-circRNA) 在癌症生物学中发挥着重要作用。exo-circRNA 可以被附近或远处的细胞摄取，影响靶细胞病理生理状态的许多特征，从而增强细胞间的通讯和肿瘤扩散。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了外泌体的主要特性和功能。然后，我们集中讨论了 exo-circRNA，讨论了它们在驱动和抑制 BC 以及癌症诊断、预后和监测中的潜在作用。
