[Hemostatic efficacy of tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid in hip and knee arthroplasty:a Meta-analysis].

OBJECTIVE

To systematically evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

METHODS

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and retrospective case-control studies about tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid for the comparison of THA or TKA were searched electronically in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP from the time of building databases to July 2020. Two investigators carried out literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria respectively. The methodological quality of the included randomized controlled studies was evaluated through the Cochrane Handbook, and the methodological quality of the included retrospective case-control studies was evaluated through the NOS scale. Blood loss, the incidence of thrombosis complications, per capita input of hemoglobin were Meta-analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 software.

RESULTS

A total of 6 articles were included, including 4 RCTs and 2 retrospective case-control studies. A total of 3 174 patients, including 1 353 in the tranexamic acid group and 1 821 in the ε-aminocaproic acid group. Meta-analysis results showed that there were no difference statistical significance in blood loss [=-88.60, 95%(-260.30, 83.10), =0.31], blood transfusion rate [=1.48, 95%(0.96, 2.27), =0.08], thrombotic complications [=0.80, 95%(0.07, 8.83), =0.85], per capita hemoglobin input [=0.04, 95%(-0.02, 0.10), =0.18] between tranexamic acid group and ε-aminocaproic acid group during THA. While in TKA, the blood loss of the tranexamic acid group was less than that of the ε-aminocaproic acid group [=-147.13, 95%(-216.52, -77.74), <0.0001], the difference was statistically significant. The blood transfusion rate [=1.30, 95%(0.74, 2.28), =0.37], thrombotic complications [=0.95, 95%(0.38, 2.36), =0.92], per capita hemoglobin input [=-0.00, 95%(-0.05, 0.06), =0.48], tourniquet time [=1.54, 95%(-2.07, 5.14), =0.40] were similar between two groups, the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

In THA, tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid have similar hemostatic effects, while in TKA, tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the patient's blood loss and has a better hemostatic effect. Tranexamic acid is recommended as one of the first choice hemostatic drugs for TKA.