Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.
Faraday Discuss. 2022 Jul 14;235(0):9-35. doi: 10.1039/d2fd00061j.
Solution crystallization of materials ranging from simple salts to complex supramolecular assemblies has long been viewed through the lens of classical nucleation and growth theories in which monomeric building blocks assemble into ordered structures through inherent thermal fluctuations that overcome a free energy barrier and continue to grow by the addition of such units to atomic steps. However, recent observations have revealed a rich set of hierarchical pathways during both nucleation and growth involving species of a higher order than monomers. While many studies have investigated and deduced the mechanisms underlying hierarchical nucleation pathways, much less research has been directed towards the development of a mechanistic picture of growth by the assembly of more complex units. Here, we review recent investigations into crystal growth by particle attachment, with an emphasis on oriented attachment. We discuss the relationship between interfacial structure, interparticle forces, and attachment dynamics, discuss the consequences of size dependent phase stability, and examine the impact of the ligand-functionalization of primary particles.
材料的溶液结晶，从简单的盐类到复杂的超分子组装体，长期以来一直被认为是通过经典成核和生长理论来观察的，在这些理论中，单体构建块通过固有热涨落组装成有序结构，克服自由能势垒，并通过添加这样的单元到原子台阶上继续生长。然而，最近的观察结果揭示了在成核和生长过程中存在一系列丰富的层次途径，涉及比单体更高阶的物种。虽然许多研究已经调查和推断了分层成核途径的机制，但对于通过组装更复杂的单元来生长的机制图像的研究却很少。在这里，我们回顾了最近关于颗粒附着的晶体生长的研究，重点是取向附着。我们讨论了界面结构、颗粒间力和附着动力学之间的关系，讨论了尺寸相关相稳定性的后果，并研究了初级颗粒的配体功能化的影响。
