Department of Livestock Farm Complex, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Department of Animal Nutrition, NTR CVSc, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram, AP, India.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2022 May 10;54(3):184. doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03187-7.
Palm kernel cake, the main by-product of the palm kernel oil extraction process, is a highly available and low-priced agro-industrial by-product. However, several concerns exist to arriving at a safe inclusion level, especially for buffaloes. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding de-oiled palm kernel cake (DPKC) to tropical buffaloes. In trial I, four fistulated Murrah buffaloes arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design were fed diets containing DPKC inclusions at 0, 15, 30, and 45% levels of compound feed to study their effects on rumen fermentation parameters. Trial II involves feeding twelve lactating buffaloes with DPKC inclusion levels at 0 or 15% of the compound feed to evaluate the effect of DPKC on the nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical constituents, rumen fermentation patterns, and lactation profile. The DPKC diets did not affect rumen pH, TCA-ppt nitrogen, and TVFA proportion; nevertheless, the NH-N data revealed a decreased trend (P = 0.076). The acetate fraction decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increased DPKC diets. Replacing the conventional protein sources with DPKC at a 15% level did not influence the nutrient intake and digestibility coefficients. No significant effects were observed for serum biochemical and mineral profiles of the lactating buffaloes fed the DPKC diet. Neither milk yield nor milk constituents (SNF, total solids, density, lactose, protein) were altered with the diets fed, except for milk fat%, which tended to increase (P = 0.092) on feeding DPKC diets. All the lactation parameters varied with time of collection, and diet × time interactions were noticed for fat, density, protein, 6% FCM yield, and butterfat yield. The feed efficiency tended to increase (P = 0.070) in the buffaloes fed DPKC diets. The profit margins were ₹6.07 and ₹1.63 for the DPKC included diets and feed cost per Kg 6% FCMY, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of DPKC in the diet decreases feed cost without affecting the nutrient intakes, digestibility coefficients, serum biochemical and mineral profile, and lactation parameters.
油棕仁饼是油棕仁提取过程中的主要副产物，是一种可用性高、价格低廉的农业工业副产品。然而，对于水牛来说，要达到安全的添加水平，仍存在一些担忧。进行了两项实验来评估给热带水牛喂食脱油棕仁饼（DPKC）的效果。在试验 I 中，采用 4 头安装有瘘管的摩拉水牛，采用 4×4 拉丁方设计，喂食含有 DPKC 分别为 0、15、30 和 45%的复合饲料，以研究其对瘤胃发酵参数的影响。试验 II 涉及给 12 头泌乳水牛喂食含有 0 或 15%的 DPKC 的复合饲料，以评估 DPKC 对营养物质消化率、血清生化成分、瘤胃发酵模式和泌乳情况的影响。DPKC 日粮并未影响瘤胃 pH、TCA-ppt 氮和 TVFA 比例；然而，NH-N 数据显示出下降趋势（P=0.076）。随着 DPKC 日粮的增加，乙酸比例呈线性下降（P<0.05）。用 DPKC 替代常规蛋白源，在 15%的水平上，并不影响营养物质的摄入量和消化率系数。给泌乳水牛喂食 DPKC 日粮，对血清生化和矿物质图谱没有显著影响。用日粮喂养后，产奶量和乳成分（非脂固形物、总固体、密度、乳糖、蛋白质）均未改变，除了乳脂肪%，这一指标在喂 DPKC 日粮时趋于增加（P=0.092）。所有泌乳参数均随采集时间而变化，并且注意到了饲料×时间的相互作用，这在脂肪、密度、蛋白质、6%FCM 产量和乳脂产量方面表现明显。在喂 DPKC 日粮的水牛中，饲料效率有增加的趋势（P=0.070）。DPKC 包括的日粮的利润分别为₹6.07 和₹1.63，每公斤 6%FCMY 的饲料成本分别为₹6.07 和₹1.63。综上所述，日粮中添加 DPKC 可以降低饲料成本，而不影响营养物质的摄入量、消化率系数、血清生化和矿物质图谱以及泌乳参数。
