Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Pediatrics, PMU Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2021;96:101-106. doi: 10.1159/000519398. Epub 2022 May 10.
Providing a human milk fortifier once the preterm infant has started to suckle at the breast can be challenging for the mother and might shorten duration of the breastfeeding period. Fortification is recommended up to term for the normal-growing infant and up to 3 months in growth-retarded infants. After hospital discharge, some mothers may not want to pump, fortify, and bottle-feed the fortifier-milk mixture any longer. They desire to breastfeed their infants directly from the breast, but unfortunately, fortification often interferes with direct breastfeeding. Cup feeding is the most researched fortification method and appears to be safe but cannot be applied during nursing. Another alternative is the supplemental nursing systems, but only a few low-quality studies investigated the method, which is difficult to handle and requires a lot of nursing experience. The use of a finger feeder to administer a fortifier to preterm infants is a new method that enables mothers to exclusively breastfeed their infants and meet their nutritional needs. Mothers reported easy preparation and handling of the fortifier. More than 67% of the infants accepted the device and fortifier application during nursing very well. However, the development of further methods to augment preterm infant nutrition that does not interfere with breastfeeding is of great interest. Future efforts to enable fortification during breastfeeding must be linked to the development of ready-to-use devices containing liquid human milk fortification mixtures.
为早产儿提供母乳强化剂，一旦早产儿开始吸吮乳房，这对母亲来说可能具有挑战性，并且可能会缩短母乳喂养的时间。对于正常生长的婴儿，建议强化至足月，对于生长迟缓的婴儿，建议强化至 3 个月。出院后，一些母亲可能不想再泵奶、强化和瓶喂强化奶混合物了。她们希望直接从乳房喂养婴儿，但不幸的是，强化通常会干扰直接母乳喂养。杯喂是研究最多的强化方法，似乎是安全的，但不能在哺乳期间使用。另一种选择是补充哺乳系统，但只有少数低质量的研究调查了这种方法，这种方法很难处理，并且需要大量的哺乳经验。使用手指喂养器向早产儿喂强化剂是一种新方法，使母亲能够完全母乳喂养婴儿并满足其营养需求。母亲们报告说，这种强化剂的制备和处理非常简单。超过 67%的婴儿在哺乳期间非常好地接受了该装置和强化剂的应用。然而，开发不干扰母乳喂养的方法来增加早产儿的营养仍然是非常有意义的。未来使母乳喂养期间能够进行强化的努力必须与开发含有液态母乳强化混合物的即用型设备联系起来。
