Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; email:
Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2022 Aug 26;60:211-236. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-121935. Epub 2022 May 10.
is an evolutionarily diverse bacterial species complex and a preeminent model for the study of plant-pathogen interactions due in part to its remarkably broad host range. A critical feature of virulence is the employment of suites of type III secreted effector (T3SE) proteins, which vary widely in composition and function. These effectors act on a variety of plant intracellular targets to promote pathogenesis but can also be avirulence factors when detected by host immune complexes. In this review, we survey the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of the effectorome, comprising 70 distinct T3SE families identified to date, and highlight how avoidance of host immune detection has shaped effectorome diversity through functional redundancy, diversification, and horizontal transfer. We present emerging avenues for research and novel insights that can be gained via future investigations of plant-pathogen interactions through the fusion of large-scale interaction screens and phylogenomic approaches.
是一个进化上多样化的细菌物种复合体，也是研究植物-病原体相互作用的卓越模式生物，部分原因是其宿主范围非常广泛。毒力的一个关键特征是使用一系列 III 型分泌效应子（T3SE）蛋白，这些蛋白在组成和功能上差异很大。这些效应子作用于多种植物细胞内靶标以促进发病机制，但当被宿主免疫复合物检测到时，也可以是非毒性因子。在这篇综述中，我们调查了效应子组的系统发育多样性（PD），包括迄今为止鉴定的 70 个不同的 T3SE 家族，并强调了通过功能冗余、多样化和水平转移来避免宿主免疫检测如何塑造效应子组多样性。我们提出了未来通过融合大规模相互作用筛选和系统基因组学方法研究植物-病原体相互作用可以获得的新兴研究途径和新的见解。
