金属和金属混合物暴露与甲状腺激素的关联：来自 NHANES 2007-2012 的结果。
Associations of exposure to metal and metal mixtures with thyroid hormones: Results from the NHANES 2007-2012.
机构信息
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
出版信息
Environ Res. 2022 Sep;212(Pt C):113413. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113413. Epub 2022 May 7.
BACKGROUND
Disrupted thyroid homeostasis plays a role in neurocognitive dysfunction and metabolic disorders. Since individuals are exposed to multiple metals simultaneously, it is important to assess the effects of metal mixtures on thyroid hormone status. This study aimed to investigate the associations of metal mixtures and individual metals with thyroid hormone levels.
METHODS
Data included 2399 men and 1988 women from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012). Thyroid hormones measured included total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free forms of T3 (FT3) and T4 (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). We included twelve metals (arsenic, barium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, antimony, thallium, tungsten, and uranium from urine; cadmium, lead, and mercury from blood) in traditional linear regression models controlling for 12 metals simultaneously and in quantile-based g-computation (QGC) to assess the relative contribution of each metal as well as the overall association with thyroid hormones as a metal mixture.
RESULTS
There were associations of the total metal mixture with thyroid hormones for T3 (beta: -0.023, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.01, in women), T4 (beta: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01, in men; beta: -0.026, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.01, in women), and the T3:T4 ratio (beta: 0.026, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, in men). Arsenic had negative contributions to T3 and T4. Cadmium had a positive contribution to T4 but negative contributions to T3 and T3:T4. Lead had a positive contribution to T3 and T3:T4, but a negative contribution to T4.
CONCLUSION
Multiple metals as a mixture were associated with thyroid hormone levels. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead were individually associated with multiple thyroid hormones. Examination of associations of metal mixtures and individual metals with thyroid hormones can contribute to an understanding of thyroid hormone homeostasis and provide evidence for developing intervention and guidance for health promotion.
背景
甲状腺稳态紊乱在神经认知功能障碍和代谢紊乱中起作用。由于个体同时接触多种金属，因此评估金属混合物对甲状腺激素状态的影响很重要。本研究旨在调查金属混合物和个体金属与甲状腺激素水平之间的关联。
方法
数据来自 2007-2012 年全国健康与营养调查（2007-2012 年）中的 2399 名男性和 1988 名女性。测量的甲状腺激素包括总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、总甲状腺素（T4）、游离 T3（FT3）和 T4（FT4）以及促甲状腺激素（TSH）。我们在传统线性回归模型中包含了 12 种金属（尿液中的砷、钡、钴、铯、钼、锑、铊、钨和铀；血液中的镉、铅和汞），同时控制了 12 种金属，并用基于分位数的 g 计算（QGC）评估了每种金属的相对贡献以及作为金属混合物与甲状腺激素的整体关联。
结果
总金属混合物与 T3（女性中为 -0.023，95%CI：-0.04，-0.01）、T4（男性中为 -0.03，95%CI：-0.05，-0.01；女性中为 -0.026，95%CI：-0.04，-0.01）和 T3：T4 比值（男性中为 0.026，95%CI：0.01，0.05）呈负相关。砷对 T3 和 T4 有负贡献。镉对 T4 有正贡献，对 T3 和 T3：T4 有负贡献。铅对 T3 和 T3：T4 有正贡献，但对 T4 有负贡献。
结论
多种金属作为混合物与甲状腺激素水平相关。砷、镉和铅单独与多种甲状腺激素相关。检查金属混合物和个体金属与甲状腺激素的关联可以帮助理解甲状腺激素稳态，并为制定干预措施和促进健康提供证据。
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