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可视化和评估聚苯乙烯微塑料的尺寸依赖性口服摄取、组织分布和对赤子爱胜蚓的有害影响。

Visualizing and assessing the size-dependent oral uptake, tissue distribution, and detrimental effect of polystyrene microplastics in Eisenia fetida.

机构信息

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.

School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.

出版信息

Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 1;306:119436. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119436. Epub 2022 May 7.

DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119436
PMID:35537557
Abstract

Microplastics are widely distributed in the environment, their potential ecological risks on soil organism have attracted extensive attention, while the investigation of the size effect on its accumulation and toxicity in soil invertebrates are still lacking. In this study, we set out to explore the size-dependent effects of microplastics on soil invertebrates with different doses. Specifically, we investigated the effect of polystyrene (PS) microplastics on earthworm Eisenia fetida with three different sizes (70 nm, 1 μm and 10 μm) and exposure doses (0.5%, 5% and 10% w/w in food). Results showed that PS microplastics had no effects on the mortality of E. fetida, while an obvious growth inhibition with rising exposure concentrations was observed, especially under exposure of 70 nm plastic particles. Additionally, 70 nm PS microplastics induced more serious oxidative stress, energy depletion and histopathological damage on earthworms compared with larger sizes. The accumulation and distribution pattern of microplastics was size-dependent in earthworms after 3- and 7-day exposure as revealed by laser confocal microscopy. Notably, earthworms accumulated more micro-sized particles (MPs, 10 μm and 1 μm) but with less toxic responses, suggesting its weaker toxicity. The distribution pattern of MPs may explain the weak relation between accumulation and toxicity as they mainly distributed in epidermis of mid- and tail-section and the intestine of earthworm. In contrast, nano-sized particles (NPs, 70 nm) were more distributed in the head-section and subcutaneous tissue of the skin, which was in accordance with the obvious toxic responses found in earthworms exposing to NPs. Our study highlighted the importance of size in determining the accumulation, distribution and toxic effects of plastic particles towards soil invertebrates and advocates the necessity of ecological risk assessments of NPs.

摘要

微塑料广泛分布于环境中,其对土壤生物的潜在生态风险引起了广泛关注,然而,关于其在土壤无脊椎动物中的积累和毒性的尺寸效应的研究仍然缺乏。在本研究中,我们旨在探讨微塑料的尺寸依赖性对不同剂量土壤无脊椎动物的影响。具体来说,我们研究了聚苯乙烯(PS)微塑料对三种不同尺寸(70nm、1μm 和 10μm)和暴露剂量(食物中 0.5%、5%和 10%w/w)的赤子爱胜蚓的影响。结果表明,PS 微塑料对赤子爱胜蚓的死亡率没有影响,而随着暴露浓度的升高,观察到明显的生长抑制,特别是在暴露于 70nm 塑料颗粒时。此外,与较大尺寸的塑料颗粒相比,70nm PS 微塑料对蚯蚓造成了更严重的氧化应激、能量耗竭和组织病理学损伤。通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现,暴露 3 天和 7 天后,微塑料在蚯蚓体内的积累和分布模式具有尺寸依赖性。值得注意的是,蚯蚓积累了更多的微尺寸颗粒(MPs,10μm 和 1μm),但毒性反应较弱,表明其毒性较弱。MPs 的分布模式可能解释了积累和毒性之间的弱相关性,因为它们主要分布在蚯蚓中、尾部表皮和肠道中。相比之下,纳米尺寸颗粒(NPs,70nm)更多地分布在头部和皮肤的皮下组织中,这与在 NPs 暴露的蚯蚓中发现的明显毒性反应一致。本研究强调了尺寸在确定塑料颗粒对土壤无脊椎动物的积累、分布和毒性效应中的重要性,并提倡对 NPs 进行生态风险评估的必要性。

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