Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Viral Evolution, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2022 May 10;13(1):2314. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29614-9.
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest respiratory pandemic of the 20th century and determined the genomic make-up of subsequent human influenza A viruses (IAV). Here, we analyze both the first 1918 IAV genomes from Europe and the first from samples prior to the autumn peak. 1918 IAV genomic diversity is consistent with a combination of local transmission and long-distance dispersal events. Comparison of genomes before and during the pandemic peak shows variation at two sites in the nucleoprotein gene associated with resistance to host antiviral response, pointing at a possible adaptation of 1918 IAV to humans. Finally, local molecular clock modeling suggests a pure pandemic descent of seasonal H1N1 IAV as an alternative to the hypothesis of origination through an intrasubtype reassortment.
1918 年流感大流行是 20 世纪最致命的呼吸道传染病大流行，它决定了随后人类甲型流感病毒（IAV）的基因组构成。在这里，我们分析了来自欧洲的首批 1918 年 IAV 基因组和秋季高峰前的首批样本。1918 年 IAV 的基因组多样性与局部传播和远距离扩散事件的结合相一致。在大流行高峰期之前和期间的基因组比较显示，核蛋白基因中与宿主抗病毒反应抗性相关的两个位点存在变异，这表明 1918 年 IAV 可能适应了人类。最后，局部分子钟模型表明，季节性 H1N1 IAV 的纯粹大流行起源是起源于亚型内重配假说的替代方案。
